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docs/build/working-with-project-properties.md

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When you create a project, the system assigns values for various properties. The defaults vary somewhat depending on the kind of project and what options you choose in the app wizard. For example, an Active Template Library (ATL) project has properties related to Microsoft Interface Definition Language (MIDL) files, but these properties are absent in a basic console application. The default properties are shown in the Advanced pane in the **Property Pages** window:
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:::image type="content" source="media/visual-c---project-defaults.png" alt-text="Screenshot of the Visual Studio project properties dialog box with the Advanced pane selected." lightbox="media/visual-c---project-defaults.png":::
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:::image type="content" source="media/visual-c---project-defaults.png" alt-text="Screenshot of the Visual Studio project properties dialog box with the Advanced pane selected. Properties such as Use of MFC, Character Set, and so on are highlighted." lightbox="media/visual-c---project-defaults.png":::
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## Apply properties to build configurations and target platforms
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docs/build/x64-software-conventions.md

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---
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description: "Learn more about: x64 ABI conventions"
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title: "x64 ABI conventions"
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ms.date: 04/21/2022
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ms.date: 03/28/2025
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helpviewer_keywords: ["x64 coding conventions", "x64 abi", "Visual C++, x64 calling conventions"]
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---
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# Overview of x64 ABI conventions
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## x64 calling conventions
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Two important differences between x86 and x64 are:
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- 64-bit addressing capability
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- Sixteen 64-bit registers for general use.
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Given the expanded register set, x64 uses the [__fastcall](../cpp/fastcall.md) calling convention and a RISC-based exception-handling model.
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Given the expanded register set, x64 uses the [`__fastcall`](../cpp/fastcall.md) calling convention and a RISC-based exception-handling model.
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The **`__fastcall`** convention uses registers for the first four arguments, and the stack frame to pass more arguments. For details on the x64 calling convention, including register usage, stack parameters, return values, and stack unwinding, see [x64 calling convention](x64-calling-convention.md).
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```
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![Diagram showing the example 1 structure layout.](../build/media/vcamd_conv_ex_1_block.png "AMD conversion example 1 structure layout")
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:::image type="content" source="../build/media/vcamd_conv_ex_1_block.png" alt-text="Diagram showing the structure layout for example 1. The diagram shows 2 bytes of memory. Member a, a short, occupies bytes 0 through 1.":::
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#### Example 2
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```
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![Diagram showing the example 2 structure layout.](../build/media/vcamd_conv_ex_2_block.png "AMD conversion example 2 structure layout")
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:::image type="complex" source="../build/media/vcamd_conv_ex_2_block.png" alt-text="Diagram showing the structure layout for example 2.":::
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The diagram shows 24 bytes of memory. Member a, an int, occupies bytes 0 through 3. The diagram shows padding for bytes 4 through 7. Member b, a double, occupies bytes 8 through 15. Member c, a short, occupies bytes 16 through 17. Bytes 18 through 23 are unused.
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:::image-end:::
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#### Example 3
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```
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![Diagram showing the example 3 structure layout.](../build/media/vcamd_conv_ex_3_block.png "AMD conversion example 3 structure layout")
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:::image type="complex" source="../build/media/vcamd_conv_ex_3_block.png" alt-text="Diagram showing the structure layout for example 3.":::
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The diagram shows 12 bytes of memory. Member a, a char, occupies byte 0. Byte 1 is padding. Member b, a short, occupies bytes 2 through 4. Member c, a char, occupies byte 4. Bytes 5 through 7 are padding. Member d, an int, occupies bytes 8 through 11.
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:::image-end:::
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#### Example 4
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![Diagram showing the example 4 union layout.](../build/media/vcamd_conv_ex_4_block.png "AMD conversion example 4 union layout")
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:::image type="complex" source="../build/media/vcamd_conv_ex_4_block.png" alt-text="Diagram showing the union layout for example 4.":::
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The diagram shows 8 bytes of memory. Member p, a char, occupies byte 0. Member s, a short, occupies bytes 0 through 1. Member l, a long, occupies bytes 0 through 3. Bytes 4 through 7 are padding.
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:::image-end:::
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### Bitfields
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## Stack usage
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For details on stack allocation, alignment, function types and stack frames on x64, see [x64 stack usage](stack-usage.md).
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For details on stack allocation, alignment, function types, and stack frames on x64, see [x64 stack usage](stack-usage.md).
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## Prolog and epilog
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