Merge pull request #2531 from MicrosoftDocs/master637382083280066027

Repo sync for protected CLA branch

Author: Colin Robertson

docs/c-runtime-library/potential-errors-passing-crt-objects-across-dll-boundaries.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Because each copy of the CRT library has its own heap manager, allocating memory
 
 The DLL and its clients normally use the same copy of the CRT library only if both are linked at load time to the same version of the CRT DLL. Because the DLL version of the Universal CRT library used by Visual Studio 2015, and later on Windows 10, is now a centrally deployed Windows component (ucrtbase.dll), it's the same for apps built with Visual Studio 2015 and later versions. However, even when the CRT code is identical, you can't give memory allocated in one heap to a component that uses a different heap.
 
-## Example
+## Example: Pass file handle across DLL boundary
 
 ### Description
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ int main(void)
 this is a string
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Pass environment variables across DLL boundary
 
 ### Description
 

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/malloca.md

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ In addition to the above restrictions, when using the [/clr (Common Language Run
 |-------------|---------------------|
 |**_malloca**|\<malloc.h>|
 
-## Example
+## Example: malloca
 
 ```C
 // crt_malloca_simple.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ int main()
 }
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: malloca exception
 
 ```C
 // crt_malloca_exception.c

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/set-se-translator.md

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ When using **_set_se_translator** from managed code (code compiled with /clr) or
 
 For more compatibility information, see [Compatibility](../../c-runtime-library/compatibility.md).
 
-## Example
+## Example: Catch __try exception error
 
 This sample wraps the calls to set a structured exception translator and to restore the old one in an RAII class, `Scoped_SE_Translator`. This class lets you introduce a scope-specific translator as a single declaration. The class destructor restores the original translator when control leaves the scope.
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ In __finally
 Caught a __try exception, error c0000094.
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Catch SE_Exception error
 
 Although the functionality provided by **_set_se_translator** is not available in managed code, it is possible to use this mapping in native code, even if that native code is in a compilation under the **/clr** switch, as long as the native code is indicated using `#pragma unmanaged`. If a structured exception is being thrown in managed code that is to be mapped, the code that generates and handles the exception must be marked `#pragma unmanaged`. The following code shows a possible use. For more information, see [Pragma Directives and the __Pragma Keyword](../../preprocessor/pragma-directives-and-the-pragma-keyword.md).
 

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/setmode.md

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ By default, this function's global state is scoped to the application. To change
 
 For more compatibility information, see [Compatibility](../../c-runtime-library/compatibility.md).
 
-## Example
+## Example: Use _setmode to change stdin
 
 ```C
 // crt_setmode.c
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ int main( void )
 'stdin' successfully changed to binary mode
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Use _setmode to change stdout
 
 ```C
 // crt_setmodeunicode.c

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/sprintf-p-sprintf-p-l-swprintf-p-swprintf-p-l.md

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ The **_sprintf_p** function formats and stores a series of characters and values
 
 For additional compatibility information, see [Compatibility](../../c-runtime-library/compatibility.md).
 
-## Example
+## Example: Use _sprintf_p to format data
 
 ```C
 // crt_sprintf_p.c
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Output:
 character count = 79
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Error code handling
 
 ```C
 // crt_swprintf_p.c

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/sprintf-s-sprintf-s-l-swprintf-s-swprintf-s-l.md

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ There are versions of **sprintf_s** that offer additional control over what happ
 
 For additional compatibility information, see [Compatibility](../../c-runtime-library/compatibility.md).
 
-## Example
+## Example: Use sprintf_s to format data
 
 ```C
 // crt_sprintf_s.c
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ Output:
 character count = 79
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Error code handling
 
 ```C
 // crt_swprintf_s.c

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/sprintf-sprintf-l-swprintf-swprintf-l-swprintf-l.md

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ In C++, these functions have template overloads that invoke the newer, secure co
 
 For additional compatibility information, see [Compatibility](../../c-runtime-library/compatibility.md).
 
-## Example
+## Example: Use sprintf to format data
 
 ```C
 // crt_sprintf.c
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ Output:
 character count = 79
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Error code handling
 
 ```C
 // crt_swprintf.c

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/strncpy-s-strncpy-s-l-wcsncpy-s-wcsncpy-s-l-mbsncpy-s-mbsncpy-s-l.md

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ By default, this function's global state is scoped to the application. To change
 
 For additional compatibility information, see [Compatibility](../../c-runtime-library/compatibility.md).
 
-## Example
+## Example: Copy chars to a buffer
 
 ```cpp
 // crt_strncpy_s_1.cpp
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ Invalid parameter handler invoked: (L"Buffer is too small" && 0)
     new contents of dest: ''
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: strncpy and strncpy_s
 
 ```C
 // crt_strncpy_s_2.c

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/vsnprintf-vsnprintf-vsnprintf-l-vsnwprintf-vsnwprintf-l.md

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ In C++, these functions have template overloads that invoke the newer, secure co
 
 The **_vsnprintf**, **_vsnprintf_l**, **_vsnwprintf** and **_vsnwprintf_l** functions are Microsoft-specific. For additional compatibility information, see [Compatibility](../../c-runtime-library/compatibility.md).
 
-## Example
+## Example: Use wide characters with `_vsnwprintf()`
 
 ```C
 // crt_vsnwprintf.c
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ nSize: -1, buff: Hi there!
 
 The behavior changes if you use vsnprintf instead, along with narrow-string parameters. The *count* parameter can be the entire size of the buffer, and the return value is the number of characters that would have been written if *count* was large enough:
 
-## Example
+## Example: Use `vsnprintf()` with narrow strings
 
 ```C
 // crt_vsnprintf.c

docs/cpp/member-function-templates.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The term member template refers to both member function templates and nested cla
 
 Member functions can be function templates in several contexts. All functions of class templates are generic but are not referred to as member templates or member function templates. If these member functions take their own template arguments, they are considered to be member function templates.
 
-## Example
+## Example: Declare member function templates
 
 Member function templates of nontemplate or template classes are declared as function templates with their template parameters.
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ int main()
 }
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Member function template of template class
 
 The following example shows a member function template of a template class.
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ int main()
 }
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Define member templates outside class
 
 ```cpp
 // defining_member_templates_outside_class.cpp
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ int main()
 }
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Templated user-defined conversion
 
 Local classes are not allowed to have member templates.
 

docs/cpp/move-constructors-and-move-assignment-operators-cpp.md

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ The following procedures describe how to write a move constructor and a move ass
     return *this;
     ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Complete move constructor and assignment operator
 
 The following example shows the complete move constructor and move assignment operator for the `MemoryBlock` class:
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ MemoryBlock& operator=(MemoryBlock&& other) noexcept
 }
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example Use move semantics to improve performance
 
 The following example shows how move semantics can improve the performance of your applications. The example adds two elements to a vector object and then inserts a new element between the two existing elements. The `vector` class uses move semantics to perform the insertion operation efficiently by moving the elements of the vector instead of copying them.
 

docs/cpp/name-resolution-for-locally-declared-names.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ ms.assetid: 743b88f3-de11-48f4-ae83-931449ea3886
 
 The template's name itself can be referred to with or without the template arguments. In the scope of a class template, the name itself refers to the template. In the scope of a template specialization or partial specialization, the name alone refers to the specialization or partial specialization. Other specializations or partial specializations of the template can also be referenced, with the appropriate template arguments.
 
-## Example
+## Example: Specialization versus partial specialization
 
 The following code shows that the class template's name A is interpreted differently in the scope of a specialization or partial specialization.
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ template<> class A<int> {
 };
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Name conflict between template parameter and object
 
 In the case of a name conflict between a template parameter and another object, the template parameter can or cannot be hidden. The following rules will help determine precedence.
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ int main() {
 }
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Define member function outside class template
 
 When defining a template's member functions outside the class template, a different template parameter name can be used. If the template member function definition uses a different name for the template parameter than the declaration does, and the name used in the definition conflicts with another member of the declaration, the member in the template declaration takes precedence.
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ int main() {
 Z::Z()
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Define template or member function outside namespace
 
 When defining a template function or member function outside the namespace in which the template was declared, the template argument takes precedence over the names of other members of the namespace.
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ int main() {
 C<T>::g
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Base class or member name hides template argument
 
 In definitions that are outside of the template class declaration, if a template class has a base class that does not depend on a template argument and if the base class or one of its members has the same name as a template argument, then the base class or member name hides the template argument.
 

docs/cpp/new-operator-cpp.md

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Specifies type to be allocated; it can be either a built-in or user-defined type
 *initializer*<br/>
 Provides a value for the initialized object. Initializers cannot be specified for arrays. The **`new`** operator will create arrays of objects only if the class has a default constructor.
 
-## Example
+## Example: Allocate and free a character array
 
 The following code example allocates a character array and an object of class `CName` and then frees them.
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ int main() {
 }
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: `new` operator
 
 If you use the placement new form of the **`new`** operator, the form with arguments in addition to the size of the allocation, the compiler does not support a placement form of the **`delete`** operator if the constructor throws an exception. For example:
 

docs/cpp/overload-resolution-of-function-template-calls.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ ms.assetid: a2918748-2cbb-4fc6-a176-e256f120bee4
 
 A function template can overload nontemplate functions of the same name. In this scenario, function calls are resolved by first using template argument deduction to instantiate the function template with a unique specialization. If template argument deduction fails, the other function overloads are considered to resolve the call. These other overloads, also known as the candidate set, include nontemplate functions and other instantiated function templates. If template argument deduction succeeds, then the generated function is compared with the other functions to determine the best match, following the rules for overload resolution. For more information, see [Function Overloading](function-overloading.md).
 
-## Example
+## Example: Choose a nontemplate function
 
 If a nontemplate function is an equally good match to a template function, the nontemplate function is chosen (unless the template arguments were explicitly specified), as in the call `f(1, 1)` in the following example.
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void f(T1, T2)
 void f(T1, T2)
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Exact match template function preferred
 
 The next example illustrates that the exactly matching template function is preferred if the nontemplate function requires a conversion.
 

docs/cpp/selectany.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ A global data item can normally be initialized only once in an EXE or DLL projec
 > [!NOTE]
 > **`selectany`** can only be applied to the actual initialization of global data items that are externally visible.
 
-## Example
+## Example: `selectany` attribute
 
 This code shows how to use the **`selectany`** attribute:
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ int i;
 __declspec(selectany) X x(1);
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Use `selectany` attribute to ensure data COMDAT folding
 
 This code shows how to use the **`selectany`** attribute to ensure data COMDAT folding when you also use the [`/OPT:ICF`](../build/reference/opt-optimizations.md) linker option. Note that data must be marked with **`selectany`** and placed in a **`const`** (readonly) section. You must explicitly specify the read-only section.
 

docs/cpp/static-assert.md

@@ -35,21 +35,21 @@ The compiler examines the **`static_assert`** declaration for syntax errors when
 
 You can use the **`static_assert`** keyword at namespace, class, or block scope. (The **`static_assert`** keyword is technically a declaration, even though it does not introduce new name into your program, because it can be used at namespace scope.)
 
-## Description of static_assert with namespace scope
+## Description of `static_assert` with namespace scope
 
 In the following example, the **`static_assert`** declaration has namespace scope. Because the compiler knows the size of type `void *`, the expression is evaluated immediately.
 
-## Example of static_assert with namespace scope
+## Example: `static_assert` with namespace scope
 
 ```cpp
 static_assert(sizeof(void *) == 4, "64-bit code generation is not supported.");
 ```
 
-## Description of static_assert with class scope
+## Description of `static_assert` with class scope
 
 In the following example, the **`static_assert`** declaration has class scope. The **`static_assert`** verifies that a template parameter is a *plain old data* (POD) type. The compiler examines the **`static_assert`** declaration when it is declared, but does not evaluate the *constant-expression* parameter until the `basic_string` class template is instantiated in `main()`.
 
-## Example of static_assert with class scope
+## Example: `static_assert` with class scope
 
 ```cpp
 #include <type_traits>
@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ int main()
 }
 ```
 
-## Description
+## Description of `static_assert` with block scope
 
 In the following example, the **`static_assert`** declaration has block scope. The **`static_assert`** verifies that the size of the VMPage structure is equal to the virtual memory pagesize of the system.
 
-## Example
+## Example: `static_assert` at block scope
 
 ```cpp
 #include <sys/param.h> // defines PAGESIZE

docs/cpp/template-specialization-cpp.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Class templates can be partially specialized, and the resulting class is still a
 
 - A template has only one type, but a specialization is needed for pointer, reference, pointer to member, or function pointer types. The specialization itself is still a template on the type pointed to or referenced.
 
-## Example
+## Example: Partial specialization of class templates
 
 ```cpp
 // partial_specialization_of_class_templates.cpp
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ PTS<S*>::IsPointer == 1 PTS<S*>::IsPointerToDataMember ==0
 PTS<int S::*>::IsPointer == 0 PTS<int S::*>::IsPointerToDataMember == 1
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Partial specialization for pointer types
 
 If you have a template collection class that takes any type `T`, you can create a partial specialization that takes any pointer type `T*`. The following code demonstrates a collection class template `Bag` and a partial specialization for pointer types in which the collection dereferences the pointer types before copying them to the array. The collection then stores the values that are pointed to. With the original template, only the pointers themselves would have been stored in the collection, leaving the data vulnerable to deletion or modification. In this special pointer version of the collection, code to check for a null pointer in the `add` method is added.
 
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ Null pointer!
 3 87 8 100
 ```
 
-## Example
+## Example: Define partial specialization so one type is `int`
 
 The following example defines a template class that takes pairs of any two types and then defines a partial specialization of that template class specialized so that one of the types is **`int`**. The specialization defines an additional sort method that implements a simple bubble sort based on the integer.