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Long macros can be difficult to read. Visual Studio can now expand C and C++ macros: you can get a copy on the clipboard of what the expanded macro looks like, replace the macro inline with its expansion, and step-by-step expand a macro so you can see what it looks like at each stage of expansion. This article allows you to experiment with these features.
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Long macros can be difficult to read. Visual Studio can now expand C and C++ macros. You can get a copy on the clipboard of what the expanded macro looks like, replace the macro inline with its expansion, and step-by-step expand a macro to see what it looks like at each stage of expansion. In this article, you experiment with all of these features.
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## Prerequisites
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You can inspect a macro's expanded value, even when several preprocessor steps are involved, by using the following steps:
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1. Place the cursor on the `POWER` a macro in the sample.
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1. Place the cursor on the `POWER` macro inside `main()` in the example.
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1. As you hover over the macro, options appear to **Copy**, **Expand Inline**, **Visualize Expansion**, and **Search Online**:
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:::image type="complex" source="media/visual-studio-2022-hover-macro.png" alt-text="Screenshot of the macro window, showing the POWER macro expansion.":::
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The macro window is open on POWER to show that it expands to (((10.0 * 20.0) * (5.0 * 2.0)) / 2.0). Options to copy, expand inline, visual expansion, and search online appear at the bottom of the window.
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:::image-end:::
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1. Choose **Copy**.
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1. Create a comment following the `POWER` line and choose paste (`Ctrl+V`). The expansion of the macro, as a comment near your macro, looks like: ```// (((10.0 * 20.0)* (5.0 * 2.0)) / 2.0)```.
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1. Create a comment following the `POWER` line and choose paste (CTRL+V). The expansion of the macro, as a comment near your macro, looks like: `// (((10.0 * 20.0)* (5.0 * 2.0)) / 2.0).` The keyboard shortcut for this action is CTRL+M, CTRL+C.
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## Expand a macro inline
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Use the following steps to expand a macro inline, which replaces the macro with its expansion:
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1. Place the cursor on the `POWER` macro in the previous example.
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1. Place the cursor on the `POWER` macro inside `main()` in the example.
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1. As you hover over the macro, options appear to **Copy**, **Expand Inline**, **Visualize Expansion**, and **Search Online**
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1. Choose **Expand Inline**. The `POWER()` macro is replaced with its expanded value: ```std::cout << "Power: " << (((10.0 * 20.0) * (5.0 * 2.0)) / 2.0) << std::endl;```
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1. Choose **Expand Inline**. The `POWER()` macro is replaced with its expanded value: ```std::cout << "Power: " << (((10.0 * 20.0) * (5.0 * 2.0)) / 2.0) << std::endl;```. The keyboard shortcut for this action is CTRL+M, CTRL+I.
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## Visualize macro expansion
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You can expand a macro one step at a time. This is useful when there are nested macros and you want to see the expansion step-by-step. To visualize the macro expansion for the `WORK` macro, use the following steps:
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1. Place the cursor on the `WORK` macro in the previous example.
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1. Place the cursor on the `WORK` macro inside `main()` in the example.
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1. As you hover over the macro, options appear to **Copy**, **Expand Inline**, **Visualize Expansion**, and **Search Online**.
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1. Choose **Visualize Expansion**.
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1. Choose **Visualize Expansion**. The keyboard shortcut for this action is CTRL+M followed by CTRL+V.
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1. The macro expansion window appears. The first expansion of the `WORK` macro is visible: `(FORCE() * DISTANCE())`:
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:::image type="complex" source="media/visual-studio-2022-work-macro-expansion.png" alt-text="Screenshot of the macro expansion window, which allows you to step through the WORK macro expansion one step at a time.":::
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