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---
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title: "Microsoft-Specific Modifiers | Microsoft Docs"
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ms.custom: ""
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ms.date: "11/04/2016"
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ms.date: "08/16/2018"
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ms.technology: ["cpp-language"]
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ms.topic: "language-reference"
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dev_langs: ["C++"]
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# Microsoft-Specific Modifiers
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This section describes Microsoft-specific extensions to C++ in the following areas:
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- [Based addressing](../cpp/based-addressing.md), the practice of using a pointer as a base from which other pointers can be offset
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- [Based addressing](based-addressing.md), the practice of using a pointer as a base from which other pointers can be offset
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- [Function calling conventions](../cpp/calling-conventions.md)
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- [Function calling conventions](calling-conventions.md)
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- Extended storage-class attributes declared with the [__declspec](../cpp/declspec.md) keyword
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- Extended storage-class attributes declared with the [__declspec](declspec.md) keyword
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- The [__w64](../cpp/w64.md) keyword
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- The [__w64](w64.md) keyword
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### Microsoft-Specific Keywords
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Many of the Microsoft-specific keywords can be used to modify declarators to form derived types. For more information about declarators, see [Declarators](overview-of-declarators.md).
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|Keyword|Meaning|Used to Form Derived Types?|
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|-------------|-------------|---------------------------------|
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|[__based](based-grammar.md)|The name that follows declares a 32-bit offset to the 32-bit base contained in the declaration.|Yes|
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|[__cdecl](cdecl.md)|The name that follows uses the C naming and calling conventions.|Yes|
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|[__declspec](declspec.md)|The name that follows specifies a Microsoft-specific storage-class attribute.|No|
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|[__fastcall](fastcall.md)|The name that follows declares a function that uses registers, when available, instead of the stack for argument passing.|Yes|
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|[__restrict](extension-restrict.md)|Similar to __declspec([restrict](restrict.md)), but for use on variables.|No|
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|[__stdcall](stdcall.md)|The name that follows specifies a function that observes the standard calling convention.|Yes|
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|[__w64](w64.md)|Marks a data type as being larger on a 64-bit compiler.|No|
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|[__unaligned](unaligned.md)|Specifies that a pointer to a type or other data is not aligned..|No|
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|[__vectorcall](vectorcall.md)|The name that follows declares a function that uses registers, including SSE registers, when available, instead of the stack for argument passing.|Yes|
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## See Also
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[C++ Language Reference](cpp-language-reference.md)

docs/cpp/specifiers.md

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*function-specifier*
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[friend](../cpp/friend-cpp.md)
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[typedef]( [typedef](http://msdn.microsod) `(` *extended-decl-modifier-seq* `)`
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[friend](friend-cpp.md)
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[typedef](aliases-and-typedefs.md) `(` *extended-decl-modifier-seq* `)`
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[__declspec](declspec.md) `(` *extended-decl-modifier-seq* `)`
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## Remarks
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The *decl-specifiers* part of a declaration is the longest sequence of *decl-specifiers* that can be taken to mean a type name, not including the pointer or reference modifiers. The remainder of the declaration is the *declarator*, which includes the name introduced.

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