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docs/c-runtime-library/reference/beginthread-beginthreadex.md

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Pointer to a [`SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES`](/previous-versions/windows/desktop/legacy/aa379560\(v=vs.85\)) structure that determines whether the returned handle can be inherited by child processes. If *`Security`* is **`NULL`**, the handle cannot be inherited. Must be **`NULL`** for Windows 95 applications.
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*`initflag`*<br/>
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Flags that control the initial state of a new thread. Set *`initflag`* to 0 to run immediately, or to **`CREATE_SUSPENDED`** to create the thread in a suspended state; use [`ResumeThread`](/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/nf-processthreadsapi-resumethread) to execute the thread. Set *`initflag`* to **`STACK_SIZE_PARAM_IS_A_RESERVATION`** flag to use *`stack_size`* as the initial reserve size of the stack in bytes; if this flag is not specified, *stack_size* specifies the commit size.
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Flags that control the initial state of a new thread. Set *`initflag`* to 0 to run immediately, or to **`CREATE_SUSPENDED`** to create the thread in a suspended state; use [`ResumeThread`](/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/nf-processthreadsapi-resumethread) to execute the thread. Set *`initflag`* to **`STACK_SIZE_PARAM_IS_A_RESERVATION`** flag to use *`stack_size`* as the initial reserve size of the stack in bytes; if this flag is not specified, *`stack_size`* specifies the commit size.
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*`thrdaddr`*<br/>
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Points to a 32-bit variable that receives the thread identifier. If it's **`NULL`**, it's not used.
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> [!NOTE]
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> For an executable file linked with Libcmt.lib, do not call the Win32 **`ExitThread`** API so that you don't prevent the run-time system from reclaiming allocated resources. **`_endthread`** and **`_endthreadex`** reclaim allocated thread resources and then call **`ExitThread`**.
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The operating system handles the allocation of the stack when either **`_beginthread`** or **`_beginthreadex`** is called; you don't have to pass the address of the thread stack to either of these functions. In addition, the *stack_size* argument can be 0, in which case the operating system uses the same value as the stack that's specified for the main thread.
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The operating system handles the allocation of the stack when either **`_beginthread`** or **`_beginthreadex`** is called; you don't have to pass the address of the thread stack to either of these functions. In addition, the *`stack_size`* argument can be 0, in which case the operating system uses the same value as the stack that's specified for the main thread.
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*`arglist`* is a parameter to be passed to the newly created thread. Typically, it is the address of a data item, such as a character string. *`arglist`* can be **`NULL`** if it is not needed, but **`_beginthread`** and **`_beginthreadex`** must be given some value to pass to the new thread. All threads are terminated if any thread calls [`abort`](abort.md), **`exit`**, **`_exit`**, or **`ExitProcess`**.
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docs/c-runtime-library/reference/signal.md

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The *`func`* argument is an address to a signal handler that you write, or to one of the predefined constants **`SIG_DFL`** or **`SIG_IGN`**, which are also defined in SIGNAL.H. If *`func`* is a function, it is installed as the signal handler for the given signal. The signal handler's prototype requires one formal argument, *`sig`*, of type **`int`**. The operating system provides the actual argument through *`sig`* when an interrupt occurs; the argument is the signal that generated the interrupt. Therefore, you can use the six manifest constants (listed in the preceding table) in your signal handler to determine which interrupt occurred and take appropriate action. For example, you can call **`signal`** twice to assign the same handler to two different signals, and then test the *`sig`* argument in the handler to take different actions based on the signal received.
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If you are testing for floating-point exceptions (**`SIGFPE`**), *`func`* points to a function that takes an optional second argument that is one of several manifest constants, defined in FLOAT.H, of the form **`FPE_xxx`**. When a **`SIGFPE`** signal occurs, you can test the value of the second argument to determine the kind of floating-point exception and then take appropriate action. This argument and its possible values are Microsoft extensions.
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If you are testing for floating-point exceptions (**`SIGFPE`**), *`func`* points to a function that takes an optional second argument that is one of several manifest constants, defined in `FLOAT.H`, of the form **`FPE_xxx`**. When a **`SIGFPE`** signal occurs, you can test the value of the second argument to determine the kind of floating-point exception and then take appropriate action. This argument and its possible values are Microsoft extensions.
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For floating-point exceptions, the value of *`func`* is not reset when the signal is received. To recover from floating-point exceptions, use try/except clauses to surround the floating point operations. It's also possible to recover by using [`setjmp`](setjmp.md) with [`longjmp`](longjmp.md). In either case, the calling process resumes execution and leaves the floating-point state of the process undefined.
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docs/c-runtime-library/reference/strcmp-wcscmp-mbscmp.md

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The **`strcmp`** functions differ from the **`strcoll`** functions in that **`strcmp`** comparisons are ordinal, and are not affected by locale. **`strcoll`** compares strings lexicographically by using the **`LC_COLLATE`** category of the current locale. For more information about the **`LC_COLLATE`** category, see [`setlocale`, `_wsetlocale`](setlocale-wsetlocale.md).
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In the "C" locale, the order of characters in the character set (ASCII character set) is the same as the lexicographic character order. However, in other locales, the order of characters in the character set may differ from the lexicographic order. For example, in certain European locales, the character 'a' (value 0x61) comes before the character 'ä' (value 0xE4) in the character set, but the character 'ä' comes in front of the character 'a' lexicographically.
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In the "C" locale, the order of characters in the character set (ASCII character set) is the same as the lexicographic character order. However, in other locales, the order of characters in the character set may differ from the lexicographic order. For example, in certain European locales, the character '`a`' (value 0x61) comes before the character '`ä`' (value 0xE4) in the character set, but the character '`ä`' comes in front of the character '`a`' lexicographically.
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In locales for which the character set and the lexicographic character order differ, you can use **`strcoll`** instead of **`strcmp`** for lexicographic comparison of strings. Alternatively, you can use **`strxfrm`** on the original strings, and then use **`strcmp`** on the resulting strings.
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The **`strcmp`** functions are case-sensitive. **`_stricmp`**, **`_wcsicmp`**, and **`_mbsicmp`** compare strings by first converting them to their lowercase forms. Two strings that contain characters that are located between 'Z' and 'a' in the ASCII table ('[', '\\', ']', '^', '_', and '\`') compare differently, depending on their case. For example, the two strings "ABCDE" and "ABCD^" compare one way if the comparison is lowercase ("abcde" > "abcd^") and the other way ("ABCDE" < "ABCD^") if the comparison is uppercase.
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The **`strcmp`** functions are case-sensitive. **`_stricmp`**, **`_wcsicmp`**, and **`_mbsicmp`** compare strings by first converting them to their lowercase forms. Two strings that contain characters that are located between 'Z' and 'a' in the ASCII table ('`[`', '`\\`', '`]`', '`^`', '`_`', and '`` ` ``') compare differently, depending on their case. For example, the two strings "`ABCDE`" and "`ABCD^`" compare one way if the comparison is lowercase ("`abcde`" > "`abcd^`") and the other way ("`ABCDE`" < "`ABCD`^") if the comparison is uppercase.
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## Requirements
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docs/c-runtime-library/reference/stricmp-wcsicmp-mbsicmp-stricmp-l-wcsicmp-l-mbsicmp-l.md

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## Remarks
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The **`_stricmp`** function ordinally compares *`string1`* and *`string2`* after converting each character to lowercase, and returns a value indicating their relationship. **`_stricmp`** differs from **`_stricoll`** in that the **`_stricmp`** comparison is only affected by **`LC_CTYPE`**, which determines which characters are upper and lowercase. The **`_stricoll`** function compares strings according to both the **`LC_CTYPE`** and **`LC_COLLATE`** categories of the locale, which includes both the case and the collation order. For more information about the **`LC_COLLATE`** category, see [`setlocale`](setlocale-wsetlocale.md) and [Locale Categories](../../c-runtime-library/locale-categories.md). The versions of these functions without the **_l** suffix use the current locale for locale-dependent behavior. The versions with the suffix are identical except that they use the locale passed in instead. If the locale has not been set, the C locale is used. For more information, see [Locale](../../c-runtime-library/locale.md).
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The **`_stricmp`** function ordinally compares *`string1`* and *`string2`* after converting each character to lowercase, and returns a value indicating their relationship. **`_stricmp`** differs from **`_stricoll`** in that the **`_stricmp`** comparison is only affected by **`LC_CTYPE`**, which determines which characters are upper and lowercase. The **`_stricoll`** function compares strings according to both the **`LC_CTYPE`** and **`LC_COLLATE`** categories of the locale, which includes both the case and the collation order. For more information about the **`LC_COLLATE`** category, see [`setlocale`](setlocale-wsetlocale.md) and [Locale Categories](../../c-runtime-library/locale-categories.md). The versions of these functions without the **`_l`** suffix use the current locale for locale-dependent behavior. The versions with the suffix are identical except that they use the locale passed in instead. If the locale has not been set, the C locale is used. For more information, see [Locale](../../c-runtime-library/locale.md).
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> [!NOTE]
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> **`_stricmp`** is equivalent to **`_strcmpi`**. They can be used interchangeably but **`_stricmp`** is the preferred standard.
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Because **`_stricmp`** does lowercase comparisons, it may result in unexpected behavior.
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To illustrate when case conversion by **`_stricmp`** affects the outcome of a comparison, assume that you have the two strings JOHNSTON and JOHN_HENRY. The string JOHN_HENRY will be considered less than JOHNSTON because the "_" has a lower ASCII value than a lowercase S. In fact, any character that has an ASCII value between 91 and 96 will be considered less than any letter.
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To illustrate when case conversion by **`_stricmp`** affects the outcome of a comparison, assume that you have the two strings `JOHNSTON` and `JOHN_HENRY`. The string `JOHN_HENRY` will be considered less than `JOHNSTON` because the "_" has a lower ASCII value than a lowercase S. In fact, any character that has an ASCII value between 91 and 96 will be considered less than any letter.
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If the [`strcmp`](strcmp-wcscmp-mbscmp.md) function is used instead of **`_stricmp`**, JOHN_HENRY will be greater than JOHNSTON.
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If the [`strcmp`](strcmp-wcscmp-mbscmp.md) function is used instead of **`_stricmp`**, `JOHN_HENRY` will be greater than `JOHNSTON`.
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**`_wcsicmp`** and **`_mbsicmp`** are wide-character and multibyte-character versions of **`_stricmp`**. The arguments and return value of **`_wcsicmp`** are wide-character strings; those of **`_mbsicmp`** are multibyte-character strings. **`_mbsicmp`** recognizes multibyte-character sequences according to the current multibyte code page and returns **`_NLSCMPERROR`** on an error. For more information, see [Code Pages](../../c-runtime-library/code-pages.md). These three functions behave identically otherwise.
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