Merging changes synced from https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/cpp-docs-pr (branch live)

Author: opbld15

docs/c-runtime-library/format-specification-syntax-printf-and-wprintf-functions.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ A basic conversion specification contains only the percent sign and a *type* cha
 
 The *type* conversion specifier character specifies whether to interpret the corresponding argument as a character, a string, a pointer, an integer, or a floating-point number. The *type* character is the only required conversion specification field, and it appears after any optional fields.
 
-The arguments that follow the format string are interpreted according to the corresponding *type* character and the optional [*size*](#size) prefix. Conversions for character types `char` and `wchar_t` are specified by using **`c`** or **`C`**, and single-byte and multi-byte or wide character strings are specified by using **`s`** or **`S`**, depending on which formatting function is being used. Character and string arguments that are specified by using **`c`** and **`s`** are interpreted as `char` and `char*` by `printf` family functions, or as `wchar_t` and `wchar_t*` by `wprintf` family functions. Character and string arguments that are specified by using **`C`** and **`S`** are interpreted as `wchar_t` and `wchar_t*` by `printf` family functions, or as `char` and `char*` by `wprintf` family functions. This behavior is Microsoft-specific.
+The arguments that follow the format string are interpreted according to the corresponding *type* character and the optional [*size*](#size) prefix. Conversions for character types `char` and `wchar_t` are specified by using **`c`** or **`C`**, and single-byte and multi-byte or wide character strings are specified by using **`s`** or **`S`**, depending on which formatting function is being used. Character and string arguments that are specified by using **`c`** and **`s`** are interpreted as `char` and `char*` by `printf` family functions, or as `wchar_t` and `wchar_t*` by `wprintf` family functions. Character and string arguments that are specified by using **`C`** and **`S`** are interpreted as `wchar_t` and `wchar_t*` by `printf` family functions, or as `char` and `char*` by `wprintf` family functions. This behavior is Microsoft-specific. For historical reasons, the `wprintf` functions use **`c`** and **`s`** to refer to `wchar_t` characters, and **`C`** and **`S`** specify narrow characters.
 
 Integer types such as `short`, `int`, `long`, `long long`, and their `unsigned` variants, are specified by using **`d`**, **`i`**, **`o`**, **`u`**, **`x`**, and **`X`**. Floating-point types such as `float`, `double`, and `long double`, are specified by using **`a`**, **`A`**, **`e`**, **`E`**, **`f`**, **`F`**, **`g`**, and **`G`**. By default, unless they're modified by a *size* prefix, integer arguments are coerced to `int` type, and floating-point arguments are coerced to `double`. On 64-bit systems, an `int` is a 32-bit value; so, 64-bit integers will be truncated when they're formatted for output unless a *size* prefix of **`ll`** or **`I64`** is used. Pointer types that are specified by **`p`** use the default pointer size for the platform.
 

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/asctime-wasctime.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 description: "Learn more about: asctime, _wasctime"
 title: "asctime, _wasctime"
-ms.date: "4/2/2020"
+ms.date: 12/21/2022
 api_name: ["_wasctime", "asctime", "_o__wasctime", "_o_asctime"]
 api_location: ["msvcrt.dll", "msvcr80.dll", "msvcr90.dll", "msvcr100.dll", "msvcr100_clr0400.dll", "msvcr110.dll", "msvcr110_clr0400.dll", "msvcr120.dll", "msvcr120_clr0400.dll", "ucrtbase.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-time-l1-1-0.dll"]
 api_type: ["DLLExport"]
@@ -52,32 +52,32 @@ The **`asctime`** function converts a time stored as a structure to a character
 | `tm_yday` | Day of year (0-365; January 1 = 0) |
 | `tm_year` | Year (current year minus 1900) |
 
-The converted character string is also adjusted according to the local time zone settings. For information about configuring the local time, see the [`time`](time-time32-time64.md), [`_ftime`](ftime-ftime32-ftime64.md), and [`localtime`](localtime-localtime32-localtime64.md) functions. For information about defining the time zone environment and global variables, see the [`_tzset`](tzset.md) function.
+For information about configuring the local time, see the [`time`](time-time32-time64.md), [`_ftime`](ftime-ftime32-ftime64.md), and [`localtime`](localtime-localtime32-localtime64.md) functions. For information about defining the time zone environment and global variables, see the [`_tzset`](tzset.md) function.
 
 The string result produced by **`asctime`** contains exactly 26 characters and has the form `Wed Jan  2 02:03:55 1980\n\0`. A 24-hour clock is used. All fields have a constant width. The newline character and the null character occupy the last two positions of the string. **`asctime`** uses a single, statically allocated buffer to hold the return string. Each call to this function destroys the result of the previous call.
 
-**`_wasctime`** is a wide-character version of **`asctime`**. **`_wasctime`** and **`asctime`** behave identically otherwise.
+**`_wasctime`** is a wide-character version of **`asctime`**, and otherwise behaves identically to **`asctime`**.
 
 These functions validate their parameters. If *`timeptr`* is a null pointer, or if it contains out-of-range values, the invalid parameter handler is invoked, as described in [Parameter validation](../parameter-validation.md). If execution is allowed to continue, the function returns `NULL` and sets `errno` to `EINVAL`.
 
 By default, this function's global state is scoped to the application. To change this behavior, see [Global state in the CRT](../global-state.md).
 
 ### Generic-text routine mapping
 
-| TCHAR.H routine | `_UNICODE` and `_MBCS` not defined | `_MBCS` defined | `_UNICODE` defined |
+| `TCHAR.H` routine | `_UNICODE` and `_MBCS` not defined | `_MBCS` defined | `_UNICODE` defined |
 |---|---|---|---|
 | `_tasctime` | **`asctime`** | **`asctime`** | **`_wasctime`** |
 
 ## Requirements
 
 | Routine | Required header |
 |---|---|
-| **`asctime`** | \<time.h> |
-| **`_wasctime`** | \<time.h> or \<wchar.h> |
+| **`asctime`** | `<time.h>` |
+| **`_wasctime`** | `<time.h>` or `<wchar.h>` |
 
 ## Example
 
-This program places the system time in the long integer `aclock`, translates it into the structure `newtime` and then converts it to string form for output, using the **`asctime`** function.
+This program places the system time in the long integer `aclock`, translates it into the structure `newtime`, and then converts it to string form for output using the **`asctime`** function.
 
 ```C
 // crt_asctime.c

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/fopen-wfopen.md

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ api_type: ["DLLExport"]
 topic_type: ["apiref"]
 f1_keywords: ["STDIO/fopen", "CORECRT_WSTDIO/_wfopen", "TCHAR/_tfopen", "fopen", "_wfopen", "_tfopen"]
 helpviewer_keywords: ["opening files, for file I/O", "wfopen function", "tfopen function", "_tfopen function", "_wfopen function", "files [C++], opening", "fopen function"]
-ms.assetid: e868993f-738c-4920-b5e4-d8f2f41f933d
 ---
 # `fopen`, `_wfopen`
 
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ The following table summarizes the modes that are used for various **`ccs`** fla
 
 ### Encodings used based on ccs flag and BOM
 
-| ccs flag | No BOM (or new file) | BOM: UTF-8 | BOM: UTF-16 |
+| `ccs` flag | No BOM (or new file) | BOM: UTF-8 | BOM: UTF-16 |
 |--|--|--|--|
 | `UNICODE` | **`UTF-16LE`** | **`UTF-8`** | **`UTF-16LE`** |
 | **`UTF-8`** | **`UTF-8`** | **`UTF-8`** | **`UTF-16LE`** |
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ If *`mode`* is **`a, ccs=encoding`** for some `encoding` value, **`fopen`** firs
 
 ### Generic-text routine mappings
 
-| TCHAR.H routine | `_UNICODE` and `_MBCS` not defined | `_MBCS` defined | `_UNICODE` defined |
+| `TCHAR.H` routine | `_UNICODE` and `_MBCS` not defined | `_MBCS` defined | `_UNICODE` defined |
 |--|--|--|--|
 | **`_tfopen`** | **`fopen`** | **`fopen`** | **`_wfopen`** |
 
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ The following options can be appended to *`mode`* to specify more behaviors.
 | **`R`** | Specifies that caching is optimized for, but not restricted to, random access from disk. |
 | **`T`** | Specifies a file as temporary. If possible, it isn't flushed to disk. |
 | **`D`** | Specifies a file as temporary. It's deleted when the last file pointer is closed. |
-| **`ccs=encoding`** | Specifies the encoded character set to use (one of **`UTF-8`**, **`UTF-16LE`**, or `UNICODE`) for this file. Leave unspecified if you want ANSI encoding. |
+| **`ccs=encoding`** | Specifies the encoded character set to use (one of **`UTF-8`**, **`UTF-16LE`**, or `UNICODE`) for this file. Leave unspecified if you want ANSI encoding. This flag is separated from flags that precede it by a comma (`,`). For example: `FILE *f = fopen("newfile.txt", "rt+, ccs=UTF-8");` |
 
 Valid characters for the *`mode`* string that is used in **`fopen`** and **`_fdopen`** correspond to *`oflag`* arguments that are used in [`_open`](open-wopen.md) and [`_sopen`](sopen-wsopen.md), as follows.
 

docs/overview/cpp-conformance-improvements-2019.md

@@ -66,7 +66,16 @@ To avoid the errors, insert a space in the offending line before the final angle
 
 ### References to types with mismatched cv-qualifiers
 
-Previously, MSVC allowed direct binding of a reference from a type with mismatched cv-qualifiers below the top level. This binding could allow modification of supposedly const data referred to by the reference. The compiler now creates a temporary, as required by the standard. In Visual Studio 2017, the following code compiles without warnings. In Visual Studio 2019, the compiler raises warning C4172:
+>[!Note]
+> This change only affects Visual Studio 2019 versions 16.0 through 16.8. It was reverted starting in Visual Studio 2019 version 16.9
+
+Previously, MSVC allowed direct binding of a reference from a type with mismatched cv-qualifiers below the top level. This binding could allow modification of supposedly const data referred to by the reference.
+
+The compiler for Visual Studio 2019 versions 16.0 through 16.8 instead creates a temporary, as was required by the standard at that time. Later, the standard retroactively changed making the previous behavior of Visual Studio 2017 and earlier correct, and the behavior of Visual Studio 2019 version 16.0 through 16.8 wrong. Consequently, this change was reverted starting in Visual Studio 2019 version 16.9.
+
+See [Similar types and reference binding](#similar-types-and-reference-binding) for a related change.
+
+As an example, in Visual Studio 2017, the following code compiles without warnings. In Visual Studio 2019 versions 16.0 through 16.8, the compiler raises warning C4172. Starting with Visual Studio 2019 version 16.9, the code once again compiles without warnings:
 
 ```cpp
 struct X
@@ -2067,10 +2076,14 @@ With this change, a destructor is also potentially throwing if it has a virtual
 
 ### Similar types and reference binding
 
-Core Working Group issue [CWG 2352](https://wg21.link/cwg2352) deals with an inconsistency between the reference binding rules and changes to type similarity. The inconsistency was introduced in earlier Defect Reports (such as [CWG 330](https://wg21.link/cwg330)). With this change, code that previously bound a reference to a temporary may now bind directly when the types involved differ only by cv-qualifiers.
+Core Working Group issue [CWG 2352](https://wg21.link/cwg2352) deals with an inconsistency between the reference binding rules and changes to type similarity. The inconsistency was introduced in earlier Defect Reports (such as [CWG 330](https://wg21.link/cwg330)). This affected Visual Studio 2019 versions 16.0 through 16.8.
+
+With this change, starting in Visual Studio 2019 version 16.9, code that previously bound a reference to a temporary in Visual Studio 2019 version 16.0 throught 16.8 may now bind directly when the types involved differ only by cv-qualifiers.
 
 Visual Studio 2019 version 16.9 implements the changed behavior in all **`/std`** compiler modes. It's potentially a source breaking change.
 
+See [References to types with mismatched cv-qualifiers](#references-to-types-with-mismatched-cv-qualifiers) for a related change.
+
 This sample shows the changed behavior:
 
 ```cpp

docs/standard-library/common-view-class.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ For a description of the following entries, see [View class characteristics](vie
 | **Range adaptor** | [`views::common`](range-adaptors.md#common) |
 | **Underlying range** | Must satisfy [`forward_range`](range-concepts.md#forward_range) or higher |
 | **Element type** | Same as the underlying range |
-| **View iterator category** | Supports `forward_range` or [`random_access_range`](range-concepts.md#random_access_range) when the underlying range satisfies `random_access_range` and [`sized_range`](range-concepts.md#sized_range) |
+| **View iterator category** | `forward_range` or [`random_access_range`](range-concepts.md#random_access_range) when the underlying range satisfies `random_access_range` and [`sized_range`](range-concepts.md#sized_range) |
 | **Sized** | Only if the underlying range satisfies [`sized_range`](range-concepts.md#sized_range) |
 | **Is `const`-iterable** | Only if the underlying range is `const` iterable |
 | **Common range** | Yes |

docs/standard-library/drop-while-view-class.md

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ For a description of the following entries, see [View class characteristics](vie
 | Characteristic | Description |
 |--|--|
 | **Range adaptor** | [`views::drop_while`](range-adaptors.md#drop_while) |
-| **Underlying range** | Must satisfy [`forward_range`](range-concepts.md#forward_range) or higher and the underlying range's iterators must model `sized_sentinel_for` |
+| **Underlying range** | Must satisfy [`forward_range`](range-concepts.md#forward_range) or higher and the underlying range's iterators must model [`sized_sentinel_for`](iterator-concepts.md#sized_sentinel_for) |
 | **Element type** | Same as the underlying range |
 | **View iterator category** | Same as the underlying range |
 | **Sized** | Only if the underlying range satisfies [`random_access_range`](range-concepts.md#random_access_range) |

docs/standard-library/empty-view-class.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ For a description of the following entries, see [View class characteristics](vie
 | **Range adaptor** | [`views::empty`](range-adaptors.md#empty) |
 | **Underlying range** | None |
 | **Element type** | As specified when the `empty_view` is created |
-| **View iterator category** | Supports `contiguous_range` |
+| **View iterator category** | `contiguous_range` |
 | **Sized** | Yes. Always returns 0 |
 | **Is `const`-iterable** | Yes |
 | **Common range** | Yes |
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ inline constexpr empty_view<T> empty{};
 ### Parameters
 
 *`T`*\
- The type of the underlying element, of which there are none.
+ The type of the underlying element, of which there is none.
 
 ### Remarks
 

docs/standard-library/filter-view-class.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ For a description of the following entries, see [View class characteristics](vie
 | **Range adaptor** | [`views::filter`](range-adaptors.md#filter) |
 | **Underlying range** | Must satisfy [`input_range`](range-concepts.md#input_range) or higher |
 | **Element type** | Same as the underlying range |
-| **View iterator category** | Supports `input_range`, [`forward_range`](range-concepts.md#forward_range), or [`bidirectional_range`](range-concepts.md#bidirectional_range) depending on the underlying range |
+| **View iterator category** | `input_range`, [`forward_range`](range-concepts.md#forward_range), or [`bidirectional_range`](range-concepts.md#bidirectional_range) depending on the underlying range |
 | **Sized** | No |
 | **Is `const`-iterable** | No |
 | **Common range** | Only if the underlying range satisfies [`common_range`](range-concepts.md#common_range) |