Merge pull request #5073 from MicrosoftDocs/main

10/20/2023 AM Publish

Author: PhilKang0704

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/chdir-wchdir.md

@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ For more compatibility information, see [Compatibility](../compatibility.md).
 
 int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
 {
-
    if(_chdir( argv[1] ) )
    {
       switch (errno)

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/chmod-wchmod.md

@@ -114,7 +114,6 @@ void set_mode_and_report(char * filename, int mask)
 
 int main( void )
 {
-
    // Create or append to a file.
    system( "echo /* End of file */ >> crt_chmod.c_input" );
 

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/cputs-cputws.md

@@ -106,7 +106,6 @@ void wprint_to_console(wchar_t* wbuffer)
 
 int main()
 {
-
    // String to print at console.
    // Notice the \r (return) character.
    char* buffer = "Hello world (courtesy of _cputs)!\r\n";

docs/c-runtime-library/reference/pipe.md

@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ enum PIPES { READ, WRITE }; /* Constants 0 and 1 for READ and WRITE */
 
 int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
 {
-
    int fdpipe[2];
    char hstr[20];
    int pid, problem, c;

docs/code-quality/c6014.md

@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ const int TEST_DATA [ARRAYSIZE] = {10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100};
 
 void f( )
 {
-
     unique_ptr<int[]> p(new int[ARRAYSIZE]);
     std::copy(begin(TEST_DATA), end(TEST_DATA), p.get());
 

docs/code-quality/c6053.md

@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@ size_t f( )
 }
 ```
 
-You should note that this warning is sometimes reported on certain idioms guaranteed to be safe in practice. Because of the frequency and potential consequences of this defect, the analysis tool is biased in favor of finding potential issues instead of its typical bias of reducing noise.
+## Heuristics
+
+This warning is sometimes reported on certain idioms guaranteed to be safe in practice. Because of the frequency and potential consequences of this defect, the analysis tool is biased in favor of finding potential issues instead of its typical bias of reducing noise.
 
 ## See also
 

docs/cpp/class-templates.md

@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@ using namespace std;
 
 class X
 {
-
    template <class T>
    struct Y
    {

docs/cpp/codesnippet/CPP/how-to-create-and-use-ccomptr-and-ccomqiptr-instances_1.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 void CComPtrDemo()
 {
-
     HRESULT hr = CoInitialize(NULL);
 
     // Declare the smart pointer.

docs/cpp/codesnippet/CPP/how-to-create-and-use-ccomptr-and-ccomqiptr-instances_3.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 void COMAutomationSmartPointerDemo()
 {
-
     CComPtr<IDispatch> pWord;
     CComQIPtr<IDispatch, &IID_IDispatch> pqi = pWord;
     CComDispatchDriver pDriver = pqi;

docs/cpp/examples-of-lambda-expressions.md

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ Because a lambda expression is typed, you can assign it to an **`auto`** variabl
 
 int main()
 {
-
     using namespace std;
 
     // Assign the lambda expression that adds two numbers to an auto variable.

docs/cpp/function-overloading.md

@@ -401,7 +401,6 @@ using namespace std;
 
 class C
 {
-
 public:
     C() {/*expensive initialization*/}
     vector<unsigned> get_data() &

docs/cpp/if-else-statement-cpp.md

@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ int getValue() { return 42; }
 
 int main()
 {
-
     if (auto it = m.find(10); it != m.end())
     {
         cout << it->second << "\n";

docs/cpp/raw-pointers.md

@@ -150,7 +150,6 @@ void func(int arr[], int length)
 
 int main()
 {
-
     int i[5]{ 1,2,3,4,5 };
     // sizeof(i) = total bytes
     int j = sizeof(i) / sizeof(i[0]);
@@ -170,7 +169,6 @@ using namespace std;
 
 int main()
 {
-
     BITMAPINFOHEADER header;
     header.biHeight = 100; // Multiple of 4 for simplicity.
     header.biWidth = 100;

docs/error-messages/compiler-errors-1/compiler-error-c2058.md

@@ -11,3 +11,16 @@ ms.assetid: 81e08e6b-15f7-41b4-980a-53763e19990c
 constant expression is not integral
 
 The context requires an integer constant expression.
+
+The following sample generates C2058:
+
+```cpp
+// C2058.cpp
+struct alignas(1.5) S {};   // C2058
+
+int main() {
+   int arr[1.5];   // C2058
+}
+```
+
+To resolve the issue, use an integer constant expression. For example, `int arr[2];`

docs/error-messages/compiler-errors-1/compiler-error-c2082.md

@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@ The following sample generates C2082:
 
 ```cpp
 // C2082.cpp
-void func(int i) {
-   int i;   // C2082
-   int ii;   // OK
+void func(int num1) {
+   int num1;   // C2082
+   int num2;   // OK
+
+   auto lambda1 = [](int num1){ int num1; };   // C2082
+   auto lambda2 = [](int num1){ int num2; };   // OK
 }
 ```

docs/error-messages/compiler-errors-2/compiler-error-c2504.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ ms.assetid: c9e002a6-a4ee-4ba7-970e-edf4adb83692
 
 'class' : base class undefined
 
-The base class is declared but never defined.  Possible causes:
+The base class is declared but never defined. Possible causes:
 
 1. Missing include file.
 
@@ -23,11 +23,7 @@ The following sample generates C2504:
 // compile with: /c
 class A;
 class B : public A {};   // C2504
-```
-
-// OK
 
-```
-class C{};
-class D : public C {};
+class C {};
+class D : public C {};   // OK
 ```

docs/error-messages/compiler-errors-2/compiler-error-c2992.md

@@ -20,30 +20,34 @@ The following sample generates C2992:
 // C2992.cpp
 // compile with: /c
 template <class T>
-struct TC1 {
+struct Outer {
    template <class U>
-   struct TC2;
+   struct Inner;
 };
 
-template <class T>   struct TC1<T>::TC2 {};   // C2992
+template <class T>   // C2992
+struct Outer<T>::Inner {};
 
-// OK
 template <class T>
-template <class U>
-struct TC1<T>::TC2 {};
-// C2992 can also occur when using generics:
-// C2992c.cpp
-// compile with: /clr /c
+template <class U>   // OK
+struct Outer<T>::Inner {};
+```
+
+C2992 can also occur when using generics:
+
+```cpp
+// C2992b.cpp
+// compile with: /c /clr
 generic <class T>
-ref struct GC1 {
+ref struct Outer {
    generic <class U>
-   ref struct GC2;
+   ref struct Inner;
 };
 
-generic <class T> ref struct GC1<T>::GC2 {};   // C2992
+generic <class T>   // C2992
+ref struct Outer<T>::Inner {};
 
-// OK
 generic <class T>
-generic <class U>
-ref struct GC1<T>::GC2 {};
+generic <class U>   // OK
+ref struct Outer<T>::Inner {};
 ```

docs/standard-library/algorithm-functions.md

@@ -5091,7 +5091,6 @@ void PrintResult(const string& msg, const pair<vector<int>::iterator, vector<int
 
 int main()
 {
-
     vector<int> vec_1{ 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 };
     vector<int> vec_2{ 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 };
 

docs/standard-library/bitset-operators.md

@@ -162,7 +162,6 @@ The template function extracts elements from *i_str* and inserts them into the b
 using namespace std;
 int main()
 {
-
    bitset<5> b1;
    cout << "Enter string of (0 or 1) bits for input into bitset<5>.\n"
         << "Try bit string of length less than or equal to 5,\n"

docs/standard-library/function-class.md

@@ -225,7 +225,6 @@ private:
 
 int main()
 {
-
     typedef std::vector< std::function<int (int)> > vf_t;
 
     vf_t v;

docs/standard-library/greater-equal-struct.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ template <>
 struct greater_equal<void>
 {
   template <class T, class U>
-  auto operator()(T&& Left, U&& Right) const`
+  auto operator()(T&& Left, U&& Right) const
     -> decltype(std::forward<T>(Left)>= std::forward<U>(Right));
 };
 ```

docs/standard-library/hash-compare-class.md

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ The class template describes an object that can be used by any of the hash assoc
 
 ## Syntax
 
+```cpp
 class hash_compare
-   {
+{
    Traits comp;
    public:
    const size_t bucket_size = 4;
@@ -24,7 +25,8 @@ class hash_compare
    bool operator()(
    const Key& key1,
    const Key& key2) const;
-   };
+};
+```
 
 ## Remarks
 

docs/standard-library/input-iterator-tag-struct.md

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ A class that provides a return type for `iterator_category` function that repres
 
 ## Syntax
 
+```cpp
 struct input_iterator_tag {};
+```
 
 ## Remarks
 

docs/standard-library/is-placeholder-class.md

@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@ Tests if type is a placeholder.
 
 ## Syntax
 
+```cpp
 struct is_placeholder {
    static const int value;
 };
+```
 
 ## Remarks
 

docs/standard-library/logical-and-struct.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ template <>
 struct logical_and<void>
 {
   template <class T, class U>
-  auto operator()(T&& Left, U&& Right) const`
+  auto operator()(T&& Left, U&& Right) const
     -> decltype(std::forward<T>(Left) && std::forward<U>(Right));
 };
 ```

docs/standard-library/logical-not-struct.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ A predefined function object that performs the logical not operation (`operator!
 
 ## Syntax
 
-```
+```cpp
 template <class Type = void>
 struct logical_not : public unary_function<Type, bool>
 {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ template <>
 struct logical_not<void>
 {
   template <class Type>
-  auto operator()(Type&& Left) const`
+  auto operator()(Type&& Left) const
      -> decltype(!std::forward<Type>(Left));
 };
 ```

docs/standard-library/logical-or-struct.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ A predefined function object that performs the logical disjunction operation ( `
 
 ## Syntax
 
-```
+```cpp
 template <class Type = void>
 struct logical_or : public binary_function<Type, Type, bool>
 {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ template <>
 struct logical_or<void>
 {
   template <class T, class U>
-  auto operator()(T&& Left, U&& Right) const`
+  auto operator()(T&& Left, U&& Right) const
     -> decltype(std::forward<T>(Left) || std::forward<U>(Right));
 };
 ```

docs/standard-library/map-class.md

@@ -1434,7 +1434,6 @@ template <typename M> void print(const M& m) {
 
 int main()
 {
-
     // insert single values
     map<int, int> m1;
     // call insert(const value_type&) version

docs/standard-library/minus-struct.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ A predefined function object that performs the subtraction operation (binary `op
 
 ## Syntax
 
-```
+```cpp
 template <class Type = void>
 struct minus : public binary_function <Type, Type, Type>
 {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ template <>
 struct minus<void>
 {
   template <class T, class U>
-  auto operator()(T&& Left, U&& Right) const`
+  auto operator()(T&& Left, U&& Right) const
     -> decltype(std::forward<T>(Left) - std::forward<U>(Right));
 };
 ```

docs/standard-library/modulus-struct.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ A predefined function object that performs the modulus division operation (`oper
 
 ## Syntax
 
-```
+```cpp
 template <class Type = void>
 struct modulus : public binary_function <Type, Type, Type>
 {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ template <>
 struct modulus<void>
 {
   template <class T, class U>
-  auto operator()(T&& Left, U&& Right) const`
+  auto operator()(T&& Left, U&& Right) const
     -> decltype(std::forward<T>(Left) % std::forward<U>(Right));
 };
 ```

docs/standard-library/multimap-class.md

@@ -1246,7 +1246,6 @@ template <typename M> void print(const M& m) {
 
 int main()
 {
-
     // insert single values
     multimap<int, int> m1;
     // call insert(const value_type&) version