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docs/build/building-c-cpp-programs.md

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---
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# Building C/C++ Programs
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You can build Visual C++ projects either in Visual Studio or on the command line. The Visual Studio IDE uses [MSBuild](../build/msbuild-visual-cpp.md) to build projects and solutions. On the command line, you can use the C/C++ compiler (cl.exe) and linker (link.exe) to build simple projects. To build more complex projects on the command line, you can use MSBuild or [NMAKE](../build/nmake-reference.md). For an overview about how to use [!INCLUDE[vsprvs](../assembler/masm/includes/vsprvs_md.md)] to build projects and solutions, see [Compiling and Building](/visualstudio/ide/compiling-and-building-in-visual-studio).
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You can build Visual C++ projects either in Visual Studio or on the command line. The Visual Studio IDE uses [MSBuild](../build/msbuild-visual-cpp.md) to build projects and solutions. On the command line, you can use the C/C++ compiler (cl.exe) and linker (link.exe) to build simple projects. To build more complex projects on the command line, you can use MSBuild or [NMAKE](../build/nmake-reference.md). For an overview about how to use Visual Studio to build projects and solutions, see [Compiling and Building](/visualstudio/ide/compiling-and-building-in-visual-studio).
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## In This Section
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docs/build/configuring-programs-for-windows-xp.md

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## Windows XP targeting experience
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The Windows XP platform toolset that's included in Visual Studio is a version of the [!INCLUDE[win7](../build/includes/win7_md.md)] SDK, but it uses the current C++ compiler. It also configures project properties to appropriate default values, for example, the specification of a compatible linker for down-level targeting. Only Windows desktop apps that are created by using a Windows XP platform toolset run on [!INCLUDE[winxp](../build/includes/winxp_md.md)] and [!INCLUDE[WinXPSvr](../build/includes/winxpsvr_md.md)], but those apps can also run on more recent Windows operating systems.
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The Windows XP platform toolset that's included in Visual Studio is a version of the Windows 7 SDK, but it uses the current C++ compiler. It also configures project properties to appropriate default values, for example, the specification of a compatible linker for down-level targeting. Only Windows desktop apps that are created by using a Windows XP platform toolset run on [!INCLUDE[winxp](../build/includes/winxp_md.md)] and [!INCLUDE[WinXPSvr](../build/includes/winxpsvr_md.md)], but those apps can also run on more recent Windows operating systems.
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#### To target Windows XP
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- **Static analysis**
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The Windows XP platform toolsets don't support static analysis because the SAL annotations for the [!INCLUDE[win7](../build/includes/win7_md.md)] SDK and the runtime libraries are incompatible. When you want to perform static analysis on an app that supports [!INCLUDE[winxp](../build/includes/winxp_md.md)] or [!INCLUDE[WinXPSvr](../build/includes/winxpsvr_md.md)], you can temporarily switch the solution to target the default platform toolset to perform the analysis, and then switch back to the Windows XP platform toolset to build the app.
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The Windows XP platform toolsets don't support static analysis because the SAL annotations for the Windows 7 SDK and the runtime libraries are incompatible. When you want to perform static analysis on an app that supports [!INCLUDE[winxp](../build/includes/winxp_md.md)] or [!INCLUDE[WinXPSvr](../build/includes/winxpsvr_md.md)], you can temporarily switch the solution to target the default platform toolset to perform the analysis, and then switch back to the Windows XP platform toolset to build the app.
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- **Debugging of DirectX graphics**
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docs/build/how-to-embed-a-manifest-inside-a-c-cpp-application.md

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ms.workload: ["cplusplus"]
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# How to: Embed a Manifest Inside a C/C++ Application
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It is recommended that a C/C++ application (or library) have its manifest embedded inside the final binary because this guarantees correct runtime behavior in most scenarios. By default, [!INCLUDE[vsprvs](../assembler/masm/includes/vsprvs_md.md)] tries to embed the manifest when it builds a project from source files; see [Manifest Generation in Visual Studio](../build/manifest-generation-in-visual-studio.md) for more information. However if an application is built by using nmake, some changes to the existing makefile are necessary. This section demonstrates how to change existing makefiles to automatically embed the manifest inside the final binary.
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It is recommended that a C/C++ application (or library) have its manifest embedded inside the final binary because this guarantees correct runtime behavior in most scenarios. By default, Visual Studio tries to embed the manifest when it builds a project from source files; see [Manifest Generation in Visual Studio](../build/manifest-generation-in-visual-studio.md) for more information. However if an application is built by using nmake, some changes to the existing makefile are necessary. This section demonstrates how to change existing makefiles to automatically embed the manifest inside the final binary.
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## Two approaches
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There are two ways to embed the manifest inside an application or library.

docs/build/how-to-modify-the-target-framework-and-platform-toolset.md

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3. In the left pane of the dialog box, expand **Configuration Properties** and then select **General**.
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4. In the right pane, select **Platform Toolset** and then select the toolset you want from the drop-down list. For example, if you have installed the [!INCLUDE[vs_dev10_long](../build/includes/vs_dev10_long_md.md)] toolset, select **Visual Studio 2010 (v100)** to use it for your project.
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4. In the right pane, select **Platform Toolset** and then select the toolset you want from the drop-down list. For example, if you have installed the Visual Studio 2010 toolset, select **Visual Studio 2010 (v100)** to use it for your project.
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5. Choose the **OK** button.
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docs/build/nmake-reference.md

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ms.workload: ["cplusplus"]
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# NMAKE Reference
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The Microsoft Program Maintenance Utility (NMAKE.EXE) is a command-line tool included with [!INCLUDE[vsprvs](../assembler/masm/includes/vsprvs_md.md)] that builds projects based on commands that are contained in a description file.
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The Microsoft Program Maintenance Utility (NMAKE.EXE) is a command-line tool included with Visual Studio that builds projects based on commands that are contained in a description file.
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To use NMAKE, you must run it in a Developer Command Prompt window. A Developer Command Prompt window has the environment variables set for the tools, libraries, and include file paths required to build at the command line. For details on how to open a Developer Command Prompt window, see [Build C/C++ code on the command line](../build/building-on-the-command-line.md).
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docs/build/reference/dumpbin-reference.md

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The Microsoft COFF Binary File Dumper (DUMPBIN.EXE) displays information about Common Object File Format (COFF) binary files. You can use DUMPBIN to examine COFF object files, standard libraries of COFF objects, executable files, and dynamic-link libraries (DLLs).
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> [!NOTE]
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> You can start this tool only from the [!INCLUDE[vsprvs](../../assembler/masm/includes/vsprvs_md.md)] command prompt. You cannot start it from a system command prompt or from File Explorer.
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> You can start this tool only from the Visual Studio command prompt. You cannot start it from a system command prompt or from File Explorer.
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Only the [/HEADERS](../../build/reference/headers.md) DUMPBIN option is available for use on files produced with the [/GL](../../build/reference/gl-whole-program-optimization.md) compiler option.
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docs/build/reference/editbin-reference.md

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The Microsoft COFF Binary File Editor (EDITBIN.EXE) modifies Common Object File Format (COFF) binary files. You can use EDITBIN to modify object files, executable files, and dynamic-link libraries (DLL).
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> [!NOTE]
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> You can start this tool only from the [!INCLUDE[vsprvs](../../assembler/masm/includes/vsprvs_md.md)] command prompt. You cannot start it from a system command prompt or from File Explorer.
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> You can start this tool only from the Visual Studio command prompt. You cannot start it from a system command prompt or from File Explorer.
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EDITBIN is not available for use on files produced with the [/GL](../../build/reference/gl-whole-program-optimization.md) compiler option. Any modifications to binary files produced with /GL will have to be achieved by recompiling and linking.
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docs/build/reference/integritycheck-require-signature-check.md

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## Remarks
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By default, **/INTEGRITYCHECK** is off.
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The **/INTEGRITYCHECK** option sets—in the PE header of the DLL file or executable file—a flag for the memory manager to check for a digital signature in order to load the image in Windows. This option must be set for both 32-bit and 64-bit DLLs that implement kernel-mode code loaded by certain Windows features, and is recommended for all device drivers on Windows Vista, [!INCLUDE[win7](../../build/includes/win7_md.md)], [!INCLUDE[win8](../../build/reference/includes/win8_md.md)], [!INCLUDE[winsvr08](../../build/reference/includes/winsvr08_md.md)], and [!INCLUDE[winserver8](../../build/reference/includes/winserver8_md.md)]. Versions of Windows prior to Windows Vista ignore this flag. For more information, see [Forced Integrity Signing of Portable Executable (PE) files](http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/255.forced-integrity-signing-of-portable-executable-pe-files.aspx).
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The **/INTEGRITYCHECK** option sets—in the PE header of the DLL file or executable file—a flag for the memory manager to check for a digital signature in order to load the image in Windows. This option must be set for both 32-bit and 64-bit DLLs that implement kernel-mode code loaded by certain Windows features, and is recommended for all device drivers on Windows Vista, Windows 7, [!INCLUDE[win8](../../build/reference/includes/win8_md.md)], [!INCLUDE[winsvr08](../../build/reference/includes/winsvr08_md.md)], and [!INCLUDE[winserver8](../../build/reference/includes/winserver8_md.md)]. Versions of Windows prior to Windows Vista ignore this flag. For more information, see [Forced Integrity Signing of Portable Executable (PE) files](http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/255.forced-integrity-signing-of-portable-executable-pe-files.aspx).
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### To set this linker option in Visual Studio
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docs/build/reference/lib-reference.md

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The Microsoft Library Manager (LIB.exe) creates and manages a library of Common Object File Format (COFF) object files. LIB can also be used to create export files and import libraries to reference exported definitions.
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> [!NOTE]
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> You can start this tool only from the [!INCLUDE[vsprvs](../../assembler/masm/includes/vsprvs_md.md)] command prompt. You cannot start it from a system command prompt or from File Explorer.
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> You can start this tool only from the Visual Studio command prompt. You cannot start it from a system command prompt or from File Explorer.
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- [Overview of LIB](../../build/reference/overview-of-lib.md)
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docs/build/reference/linker-command-line-syntax.md

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The `arguments` include options and filenames and can be specified in any order. Options are processed first, then files. Use one or more spaces or tabs to separate arguments.
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> You can start this tool only from the Visual Studio command prompt. You cannot start it from a system command prompt or from File Explorer.
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On the command line, an option consists of an option specifier, either a dash (-) or a forward slash (/), followed by the name of the option. Option names cannot be abbreviated. Some options take an argument, specified after a colon (:). No spaces or tabs are allowed within an option specification, except within a quoted string in the /COMMENT option. Specify numeric arguments in decimal or C-language notation. Option names and their keyword or filename arguments are not case sensitive, but identifiers as arguments are case sensitive.
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docs/build/reference/manifestinput-specify-manifest-input.md

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## Remarks
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The **/MANIFESTINPUT** option specifies the path of an input file to use to create the embedded manifest in an executable image. If you have multiple manifest input files, use the switch multiple times—once for each input file. The manifest input files are merged to create the embedded manifest. This option requires the **/MANIFEST:EMBED** option.
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This option can’t be set directly in [!INCLUDE[vsprvs](../../assembler/masm/includes/vsprvs_md.md)]. Instead, use the **Additional Manifest Files** property of the project to specify additional manifest files to include. For more information, see [Input and Output, Manifest Tool, Configuration Properties, \<Projectname> Property Pages Dialog Box](../../ide/input-and-output-manifest-tool.md).
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This option can’t be set directly in Visual Studio. Instead, use the **Additional Manifest Files** property of the project to specify additional manifest files to include. For more information, see [Input and Output, Manifest Tool, Configuration Properties, \<Projectname> Property Pages Dialog Box](../../ide/input-and-output-manifest-tool.md).
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## See Also
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[Setting Linker Options](../../build/reference/setting-linker-options.md)

docs/build/reference/mp-build-with-multiple-processes.md

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[!INCLUDE[vsprvs](../../assembler/masm/includes/vsprvs_md.md)] uses the [MSBuild.exe](/visualstudio/msbuild/msbuild-reference) tool to build solutions and projects. The **/maxcpucount:**_number_ (or **/m:**_number_) command-line option of the MSBuild.exe tool can build multiple projects at the same time. And the **/MP** compiler option can build multiple compilation units at the same time. If it is appropriate for your application, improve your solution's build time by using either or both **/MP** and **/maxcpucount**.
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Visual Studio uses the [MSBuild.exe](/visualstudio/msbuild/msbuild-reference) tool to build solutions and projects. The **/maxcpucount:**_number_ (or **/m:**_number_) command-line option of the MSBuild.exe tool can build multiple projects at the same time. And the **/MP** compiler option can build multiple compilation units at the same time. If it is appropriate for your application, improve your solution's build time by using either or both **/MP** and **/maxcpucount**.
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The build time of your solution partly depends on the number of processes that perform the build. The *number* argument of the [/maxcpucount](/visualstudio/msbuild/msbuild-command-line-reference) MSBuild option specifies the maximum number of projects to build at the same time. Similarly, the *processMax* argument of the **/MP** compiler option specifies the maximum number of compilation units to build at the same time. If the **/maxcpucount** option specifies *P* projects and the **/MP** option specifies *C* processes, a maximum of *P* x *C* processes execute at the same time.
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docs/build/setting-the-path-and-environment-variables-for-command-line-builds.md

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# Set the Path and Environment Variables for Command-Line Builds
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The Visual C++ command-line build tools require several environment variables that are customized for your installation and build configuration. When a C++ workload is installed by the [!INCLUDE[vsprvs](../assembler/masm/includes/vsprvs_md.md)] installer, it creates customized command files, or batch files, that set the required environment variables. The installer then uses these command files to create shortcuts for the Windows Start menu to open a developer command prompt window. These shortcuts set up the environment variables for a specific build configuration. When you want to use the command-line tools, you can run one of these shortcuts, or you can open a plain command prompt window and then run one of the custom command files to set the build configuration environment yourself. For more information, see [Build C/C++ Code on the Command Line](building-on-the-command-line.md).
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The Visual C++ command-line build tools require several environment variables that are customized for your installation and build configuration. When a C++ workload is installed by the Visual Studio installer, it creates customized command files, or batch files, that set the required environment variables. The installer then uses these command files to create shortcuts for the Windows Start menu to open a developer command prompt window. These shortcuts set up the environment variables for a specific build configuration. When you want to use the command-line tools, you can run one of these shortcuts, or you can open a plain command prompt window and then run one of the custom command files to set the build configuration environment yourself. For more information, see [Build C/C++ Code on the Command Line](building-on-the-command-line.md).
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The Visual C++ command-line tools use the PATH, TMP, INCLUDE, LIB, and LIBPATH environment variables, and also use other environment variables specific to your installed tools, platforms, and SDKs. Even a simple [!INCLUDE[vsprvs](../assembler/masm/includes/vsprvs_md.md)] installation may set twenty or more environment variables. Because the values of these environment variables are specific to your installation and your choice of build configuration, and can be changed by product updates or upgrades, we strongly recommend that you use a developer command prompt shortcut or one of the customized command files to set them, instead of setting them in the Windows environment yourself.
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The Visual C++ command-line tools use the PATH, TMP, INCLUDE, LIB, and LIBPATH environment variables, and also use other environment variables specific to your installed tools, platforms, and SDKs. Even a simple Visual Studio installation may set twenty or more environment variables. Because the values of these environment variables are specific to your installation and your choice of build configuration, and can be changed by product updates or upgrades, we strongly recommend that you use a developer command prompt shortcut or one of the customized command files to set them, instead of setting them in the Windows environment yourself.
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To see which environment variables are set by a developer command prompt shortcut, you can use the SET command. Open a plain command prompt window and capture the output of the SET command for a baseline. Open a developer command prompt window and capture the output of the SET command for comparison. A diff tool such as the one built into the Visual Studio IDE can be useful to compare the environment variables and see what is set by the developer command prompt. For information about the specific environment variables used by the compiler and linker, see [CL Environment Variables](../build/reference/cl-environment-variables.md) and [LINK Environment Variables](../build/reference/link-environment-variables.md).
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