libnvdimm/dimm: Avoid race between probe and available_slots_show()

Richard reports that the following test:

(while true; do
     cat /sys/bus/nd/devices/nmem*/available_slots 2>&1 > /dev/null
 done) &

while true; do
     for i in $(seq 0 4); do
         echo nmem$i > /sys/bus/nd/drivers/nvdimm/bind
     done
     for i in $(seq 0 4); do
         echo nmem$i > /sys/bus/nd/drivers/nvdimm/unbind
     done
 done

...fails with a crash signature like:

    divide error: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI
    RIP: 0010:nd_label_nfree+0x134/0x1a0 [libnvdimm]
    [..]
    Call Trace:
     available_slots_show+0x4e/0x120 [libnvdimm]
     dev_attr_show+0x42/0x80
     ? memset+0x20/0x40
     sysfs_kf_seq_show+0x218/0x410

The root cause is that available_slots_show() consults driver-data, but
fails to synchronize against device-unbind setting up a TOCTOU race to
access uninitialized memory.

Validate driver-data under the device-lock.

Fixes: 4d88a97 ("libnvdimm, nvdimm: dimm driver and base libnvdimm device-driver infrastructure")
Cc: <[email protected]>
Cc: Vishal Verma <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Jiang <[email protected]>
Cc: Ira Weiny <[email protected]>
Cc: Coly Li <[email protected]>
Reported-by: Richard Palethorpe <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Richard Palethorpe <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <[email protected]>

Author: djbw

drivers/nvdimm/dimm_devs.c

@@ -335,16 +335,16 @@ static ssize_t state_show(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(state);
 
-static ssize_t available_slots_show(struct device *dev,
-		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+static ssize_t __available_slots_show(struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd, char *buf)
 {
-	struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+	struct device *dev;
 	ssize_t rc;
 	u32 nfree;
 
 	if (!ndd)
 		return -ENXIO;
 
+	dev = ndd->dev;
 	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
 	nfree = nd_label_nfree(ndd);
 	if (nfree - 1 > nfree) {
@@ -356,6 +356,18 @@ static ssize_t available_slots_show(struct device *dev,
 	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
 	return rc;
 }
+
+static ssize_t available_slots_show(struct device *dev,
+				    struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	ssize_t rc;
+
+	nd_device_lock(dev);
+	rc = __available_slots_show(dev_get_drvdata(dev), buf);
+	nd_device_unlock(dev);
+
+	return rc;
+}
 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(available_slots);
 
 __weak ssize_t security_show(struct device *dev,