build: update yarn to v1.16.0

Currently our version of Yarn is installed through the "angular/ngcontainer"
docker image. This is problematic because in order to be able to update
Yarn, we always need to update the docker image to a version that comes
with the desired Yarn version. Sometimes there is no docker image with the
desired latest Yarn version, and therefore we cannot easily update the Yarn version.

Additionally the latest Yarn versions contain various fixes for debugging timeout
issues and also have improved logic for restoring existing `node_modules`. This
is **essential** to take advantage of the CircleCI caching mechanism.

Author: devversion

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -56,29 +56,33 @@ var_8: &gcp_decrypt_token "angular"
 var_9: &yarn_install
   run: yarn install --frozen-lockfile --non-interactive
 
+# Anchor that can be used to download and install Yarn globally in the bash environment.
+var_10: &yarn_download
+  run: curl -o- -L https://yarnpkg.com/install.sh | PROFILE=$BASH_ENV bash -s -- --version "1.16.0"
+
 # Copies the Bazel config which is specifically for CircleCI to a location where Bazel picks it
 # up and merges it with the project-wide bazel configuration (tools/bazel.rc)
-var_10: &copy_bazel_config
+var_11: &copy_bazel_config
   # Set up the CircleCI specific bazel configuration.
   run: sudo cp ./.circleci/bazel.rc /etc/bazel.bazelrc
 
 # Sets up a different Docker image that includes a moe recent Firefox version which
 # is needed for headless testing.
-var_11: &docker-firefox-image
+var_12: &docker-firefox-image
   # TODO(devversion): Temporarily use a image that includes Firefox 62 because the
   # ngcontainer image does include an old Firefox version that does not support headless.
   - image: circleci/node:11.4.0-browsers
 
 # Attaches the release output which has been stored in the workspace to the current job.
 # https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/workflows/#using-workspaces-to-share-data-among-jobs
-var_12: &attach_release_output
+var_13: &attach_release_output
   attach_workspace:
     at: dist/
 
 # Branch filter that we can specify for jobs that should only run on publish branches. This filter
 # is used to ensure that not all upstream branches will be published as Github builds
 # (e.g. revert branches, feature branches)
-var_13: &publish_branches_filter
+var_14: &publish_branches_filter
   branches:
     only:
       - master
@@ -92,15 +96,15 @@ var_13: &publish_branches_filter
 # In order to reduce duplication we use a YAML anchor that just always excludes the "_presubmit"
 # branch. We don't want to run Circle for the temporary "_presubmit" branch which is reserved
 # for the caretaker.
-var_14: &ignore_presubmit_branch_filter
+var_15: &ignore_presubmit_branch_filter
   branches:
     ignore:
       - "_presubmit"
       - "ivy-2019"
 
 # Runs a script that sets up the Bazel remote execution. This will be used by jobs that run
 # Bazel primarily and should benefit from remote caching and execution.
-var_15: &setup_bazel_remote_execution
+var_16: &setup_bazel_remote_execution
   run:
     name: "Setup bazel RBE remote execution"
     command: ./scripts/circleci/bazel/setup-remote-execution.sh
@@ -180,6 +184,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - *checkout_code
     - *restore_cache
+    - *yarn_download
     - *yarn_install
 
     - run: ./scripts/circleci/run-local-browser-tests.sh
@@ -197,6 +202,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - *checkout_code
       - *restore_cache
+      - *yarn_download
       - *yarn_install
 
       - run: ./scripts/circleci/run-browserstack-tests.sh
@@ -217,6 +223,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - *checkout_code
     - *restore_cache
+    - *yarn_download
     - *yarn_install
 
     - run: ./scripts/circleci/run-saucelabs-tests.sh
@@ -230,6 +237,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - *checkout_code
       - *restore_cache
+      - *yarn_download
       - *yarn_install
       - *attach_release_output
 
@@ -244,6 +252,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - *checkout_code
     - *restore_cache
+    - *yarn_download
     - *yarn_install
 
     - run: yarn gulp ci:prerender
@@ -256,6 +265,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - *checkout_code
       - *restore_cache
+      - *yarn_download
       - *yarn_install
 
       - run: ./scripts/circleci/lint-bazel-files.sh
@@ -271,6 +281,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - *checkout_code
       - *restore_cache
+      - *yarn_download
       - *yarn_install
 
       - run: yarn gulp ci:build-release-packages
@@ -342,6 +353,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - *checkout_code
     - *restore_cache
+    - *yarn_download
     - *yarn_install
 
     - run: node ./scripts/circleci/setup-angular-snapshots.js
@@ -362,6 +374,7 @@ jobs:
       - *restore_cache
       - *copy_bazel_config
       - *setup_bazel_remote_execution
+      - *yarn_download
       - *yarn_install
 
       # Setup Angular ivy snapshots built with ngtsc but locked to a specific tag. We
@@ -392,6 +405,7 @@ jobs:
       - *restore_cache
       - *copy_bazel_config
       - *setup_bazel_remote_execution
+      - *yarn_download
       - *yarn_install
 
       # Setup Angular ivy snapshots built with ngtsc.

WORKSPACE

@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ yarn_install(
     ],
     package_json = "//:package.json",
     yarn_lock = "//:yarn.lock",
+    yarn_repositories = {
+        "1.16.0": ("yarn-v1.16.0.tar.gz", "yarn-v1.16.0", "df202627d9a70cf09ef2fb11cb298cb619db1b958590959d6f6e571b50656029"),
+    },
+    yarn_version = "1.16.0",
 )
 
 # Install all bazel dependencies of the @ngdeps npm packages

package.json

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
   },
   "license": "MIT",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">= 5.4.1"
+    "node": ">= 5.4.1",
+    "yarn": ">= 1.13.0"
   },
   "scripts": {
     "postinstall": "ngc -p angular-tsconfig.json",