docs: fix SVG icon example on Stackblitz (#21429)

The SVG icon examples 404s when opened on Stackblitz due to an old issue with
static assets. These changes switch to using an icon literal so that we don't have to
fetch the icon.

Fixes #16484.

(cherry picked from commit e35cee0)

Author: crisbeto

src/components-examples/material/icon/icon-svg/icon-svg-example.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,15 @@ import {Component} from '@angular/core';
 import {DomSanitizer} from '@angular/platform-browser';
 import {MatIconRegistry} from '@angular/material/icon';
 
+const THUMBUP_ICON = `
+  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24px" height="24px">
+    <path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/>
+    <path d="M1 21h4V9H1v12zm22-11c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-6.31l.95-4.57.03-.32c0-.41-.17-.79-.` +
+      `44-1.06L14.17 1 7.59 7.59C7.22 7.95 7 8.45 7 9v10c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h9c.83 0 1.54-.5` +
+      `1.84-1.22l3.02-7.05c.09-.23.14-.47.14-.73v-1.91l-.01-.01L23 10z"/>
+  </svg>
+`;
+
 /**
  * @title SVG icons
  */
@@ -11,8 +20,9 @@ import {MatIconRegistry} from '@angular/material/icon';
 })
 export class IconSvgExample {
   constructor(iconRegistry: MatIconRegistry, sanitizer: DomSanitizer) {
-    iconRegistry.addSvgIcon(
-        'thumbs-up',
-        sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustResourceUrl('assets/img/examples/thumbup-icon.svg'));
+    // Note that we provide the icon here as a string literal here due to a limitation in
+    // Stackblitz. If you want to provide the icon from a URL, you can use:
+    // `iconRegistry.addSvgIcon('thumbs-up', sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustResourceUrl('icon.svg'));`
+    iconRegistry.addSvgIconLiteral('thumbs-up', sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustHtml(THUMBUP_ICON));
   }
 }