build: remove madge

[devversion]

Removes madge that doesn't seem to run properly. Madge claims to support .ts files, but from testing this does not work properly (also doesn't respect entry-points/packages).

Right now, we always transpile the files and then run Madge to check for circular dependencies.

But, Due to the fact that we run rollup to bundle entry-points, we have another circular dependency check that also respects entry-points/packages.

Sample rollup output:

{ code: 'CIRCULAR_DEPENDENCY',
  importer: 'dist\\packages\\material\\core\\A\\B.js',
  message: 'Circular dependency: A.js -> B.js -> A.js',
}

[jelbourn]

LGTM

[devversion]

This is blocked on #12554 because I've just added that rollup circular dependency warnings throw an error.

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