Add a sample to test C++ exceptions support (ARM-software#432)

Add a sample to test C++ exceptions support

Author: voltur01

packagetest/cpp-baremetal-semihosting-exceptions.test

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+# RUN: make -C %samples_dir/src/cpp-baremetal-semihosting-exceptions clean
+# RUN: make -C %samples_dir/src/cpp-baremetal-semihosting-exceptions run BIN_PATH=%unpack_directory/bin 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+# RUN: make -C %samples_dir/src/cpp-baremetal-semihosting-exceptions clean
+# CHECK: No exceptions.
+# CHECK: Exception caught.

samples/src/cpp-baremetal-semihosting-exceptions/Makefile

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+#
+# Copyright (c) 2024, Arm Limited and affiliates.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+include ../../Makefile.conf
+
+build: hello.hex hello-exn.hex
+
+hello.hex: hello.cpp
+	$(BIN_PATH)/clang++ $(MICROBIT_TARGET) $(CRT_SEMIHOST) $(CPP_FLAGS) -print-multi-directory -g -T ../../ldscripts/microbit.ld -o hello.elf $^ | grep -v "_exn_"
+	$(BIN_PATH)/clang++ $(MICROBIT_TARGET) $(CRT_SEMIHOST) $(CPP_FLAGS) -g -T ../../ldscripts/microbit.ld -o hello.elf $^
+	$(BIN_PATH)/llvm-objcopy -O ihex hello.elf hello.hex
+
+hello-exn.hex: hello-exn.cpp
+	$(BIN_PATH)/clang++ $(MICROBIT_TARGET) $(CRT_SEMIHOST) -print-multi-directory -g -T ../../ldscripts/microbit.ld -o hello.elf $^ | grep "_exn_"
+	$(BIN_PATH)/clang++ $(MICROBIT_TARGET) $(CRT_SEMIHOST) -g -T ../../ldscripts/microbit.ld -o hello-exn.elf $^
+	$(BIN_PATH)/llvm-objcopy -O ihex hello-exn.elf hello-exn.hex
+
+run: hello.hex hello-exn.hex
+	qemu-system-arm -M microbit -semihosting -nographic -device loader,file=hello.hex
+	qemu-system-arm -M microbit -semihosting -nographic -device loader,file=hello-exn.hex 2>&1 | grep "caught"
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.elf *.hex
+
+.PHONY: clean run

samples/src/cpp-baremetal-semihosting-exceptions/README.md

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+# Bare-metal semihosting exceptions sample
+
+This sample shows and tests that C++ exceptions and corresponding
+library variant selection work correctly.

samples/src/cpp-baremetal-semihosting-exceptions/hello-exn.cpp

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+#include <iostream>
+
+int main(void) {
+  try {
+    throw "error";
+  } catch(...) {
+    std::cout << "Exception caught." << std::endl;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  std::cout << "Exception skipped." << std::endl;
+  return 1;
+}

samples/src/cpp-baremetal-semihosting-exceptions/hello.cpp

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+#include <iostream>
+
+int main(void) {
+  std::cout << "No exceptions." << std::endl;
+  return 0;
+}