Add a simplified version of ServerComponentRenderingTest.CanDispatchAsyncWorkToSyncContext (#21633)

ServerComponentRenderingTest.CanDispatchAsyncWorkToSyncContext is quarantined but since it's not running on Helix there isn't any history available for it. With all the moving
parts in the server test, it's unclear if it's a product vs test setup issue.

Authoring a more simplified test so we can track test history. Note that it's starting off as quarantined because there's no evidence that the product code isn't broken

Fixes #19413

Author: pranavkm

src/Components/Components/test/Rendering/RendererSynchronizationContextTest.cs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Testing;
 using Xunit;
 
 namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Rendering
@@ -763,5 +764,34 @@ public async Task InvokeAsync_FuncTaskT_CanReportCancellation()
             Assert.Equal(TaskStatus.Canceled, task.Status);
             await Assert.ThrowsAsync<TaskCanceledException>(async () => await task);
         }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [QuarantinedTest]
+        public async Task InvokeAsync_SyncWorkInAsyncTaskIsCompletedFirst()
+        {
+            // Simplified version of ServerComponentRenderingTest.CanDispatchAsyncWorkToSyncContext
+            var expected = "First Second Third Fourth Fifth";
+            var context = new RendererSynchronizationContext();
+            string actual;
+
+            // Act
+            await Task.Yield();
+            actual = "First";
+
+            var invokeTask = context.InvokeAsync(async () =>
+            {
+                // When the sync context is idle, queued work items start synchronously
+                actual += " Second";
+                await Task.Delay(250);
+                actual += " Fourth";
+            });
+
+            actual += " Third";
+            await invokeTask;
+            actual += " Fifth";
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Equal(expected, actual);
+        }
     }
 }