Fix lto0.test_exceptions_allowed_uncaught failure

This test started failing after #16627.  Prior to that change the
exceptions destructors were called via the following code in JS:

```
   // In Wasm, destructors return 'this' as in ARM
   {{{ makeDynCall('pp', 'destructor') }}}(info.excPtr);
```

For some reason the LTO build produces the following for for the call
to `exception_header->exceptionDestructor(thrown_object)` in
`__cxa_decrement_exception_refcount`:

```
  call_indirect 0 (type 0)
```

Where as the normal non-LTO build produces:

```
  call 13 <invoke_ii>
```

Because invoke_ii goes via JS it uses the sloppy type checking and
doesn't trap, but `call_indirect` has strict type checking and so
does trap.

Author: sbc100

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -492,6 +492,7 @@ jobs:
           title: "core3+extras"
           test_targets: "
             lto2.test_dylink_syslibs_all
+            lto0.test_exceptions_allowed_uncaught
             core3
             core2g.test_externref
             corez.test_dylink_iostream

system/lib/libcxxabi/src/cxa_exception.h

@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ namespace __cxxabiv1 {
 struct _LIBCXXABI_HIDDEN __cxa_exception {
   size_t referenceCount;
   std::type_info *exceptionType;
-  void (*exceptionDestructor)(void *);
+  // In wasm, destructors return 'this' as in ARM
+  void* (*exceptionDestructor)(void *);
   uint8_t caught;
   uint8_t rethrown;
   void *adjustedPtr;

system/lib/libcxxabi/src/cxa_exception_emscripten.cpp

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@
 
 // Define to enable extra debugging on stderr.
 #if EXCEPTIONS_DEBUG
-#define DEBUG printf
+#include "emscripten/console.h"
+#define DEBUG _emscripten_errf
 #else
 #define DEBUG(...)
 #endif
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ inline
 __cxa_exception*
 cxa_exception_from_thrown_object(void* thrown_object)
 {
-    DEBUG("cxa_exception_from_thrown_object %p -> %p\n",
+    DEBUG("cxa_exception_from_thrown_object %p -> %p",
           thrown_object, static_cast<__cxa_exception*>(thrown_object) - 1);
     return static_cast<__cxa_exception*>(thrown_object) - 1;
 }
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ inline
 void*
 thrown_object_from_cxa_exception(__cxa_exception* exception_header)
 {
-    DEBUG("thrown_object_from_cxa_exception %p -> %p\n",
+    DEBUG("thrown_object_from_cxa_exception %p -> %p",
           exception_header, static_cast<void*>(exception_header + 1));
     return static_cast<void*>(exception_header + 1);
 }
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ __cxa_increment_exception_refcount(void *thrown_object) _NOEXCEPT {
     if (thrown_object != NULL )
     {
         __cxa_exception* exception_header = cxa_exception_from_thrown_object(thrown_object);
-        DEBUG("INC: %p refcnt=%zu\n", thrown_object, exception_header->referenceCount);
+        DEBUG("INC: %p refcnt=%zu", thrown_object, exception_header->referenceCount);
         std::__libcpp_atomic_add(&exception_header->referenceCount, size_t(1));
     }
 }
@@ -136,12 +137,12 @@ void __cxa_decrement_exception_refcount(void *thrown_object) _NOEXCEPT {
     if (thrown_object != NULL )
     {
         __cxa_exception* exception_header = cxa_exception_from_thrown_object(thrown_object);
-        DEBUG("DEC: %p refcnt=%zu rethrown=%d\n", thrown_object,
+        DEBUG("DEC: %p refcnt=%zu rethrown=%d", thrown_object,
               exception_header->referenceCount, exception_header->rethrown);
         assert(exception_header->referenceCount > 0);
         if (std::__libcpp_atomic_add(&exception_header->referenceCount, size_t(-1)) == 0 && !exception_header->rethrown)
         {
-            DEBUG("DEL: %p\n", thrown_object);
+            DEBUG("DEL: %p (dtor=%p)", thrown_object, exception_header->exceptionDestructor);
             if (NULL != exception_header->exceptionDestructor)
                 exception_header->exceptionDestructor(thrown_object);
             __cxa_free_exception(thrown_object);