@@ -581,12 +581,12 @@ option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in:
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Before discussing another option, `--show-pulls`, we need to
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create a new example history.
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A common problem users face when looking at simplified history is that a
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commit they know changed a file somehow does not appear in the file's
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simplified history. Let's demonstrate a new example and show how options
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such as `--full-history` and `--simplify-merges` works in that case:
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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.-A---M-----C--N---O---P
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/ / \ \ \/ / /
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ such as `--full-history` and `--simplify-merges` works in that case:
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\ / /\ /
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`---X--' `---Y--'
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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For this example, suppose `I` created `file.txt` which was modified by
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`A`, `B`, and `X` in different ways. The single-parent commits `C`, `Z`,
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and `Y` do not change `file.txt`. The merge commit `M` was created by
@@ -607,19 +607,19 @@ the contents of `file.txt` at `X`. Hence, `R` is TREESAME to `X` but not
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contents of `file.txt` at `R`, so `N` is TREESAME to `R` but not `C`.
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The merge commits `O` and `P` are TREESAME to their first parents, but
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not to their second parents, `Z` and `Y` respectively.
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When using the default mode, `N` and `R` both have a TREESAME parent, so
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those edges are walked and the others are ignored. The resulting history
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graph is:
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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I---X
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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When using `--full-history`, Git walks every edge. This will discover
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the commits `A` and `B` and the merge `M`, but also will reveal the
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merge commits `O` and `P`. With parent rewriting, the resulting graph is:
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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.-A---M--------N---O---P
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/ / \ \ \/ / /
@@ -628,21 +628,21 @@ merge commits `O` and `P`. With parent rewriting, the resulting graph is:
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\ / /\ /
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`---X--' `------'
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Here, the merge commits `O` and `P` contribute extra noise, as they did
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not actually contribute a change to `file.txt`. They only merged a topic
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that was based on an older version of `file.txt`. This is a common
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issue in repositories using a workflow where many contributors work in
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parallel and merge their topic branches along a single trunk: manu
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unrelated merges appear in the `--full-history` results.
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When using the `--simplify-merges` option, the commits `O` and `P`
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disappear from the results. This is because the rewritten second parents
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of `O` and `P` are reachable from their first parents. Those edges are
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removed and then the commits look like single-parent commits that are
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TREESAME to their parent. This also happens to the commit `N`, resulting
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in a history view as follows:
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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.-A---M--.
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/ / \
@@ -651,18 +651,18 @@ in a history view as follows:
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\ / /
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`---X--'
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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In this view, we see all of the important single-parent changes from
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`A`, `B`, and `X`. We also see the carefully-resolved merge `M` and the
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not-so-carefully-resolved merge `R`. This is usually enough information
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to determine why the commits `A` and `B` "disappeared" from history in
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the default view. However, there are a few issues with this approach.
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The first issue is performance. Unlike any previous option, the
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`--simplify-merges` option requires walking the entire commit history
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before returning a single result. This can make the option difficult to
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use for very large repositories.
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The second issue is one of auditing. When many contributors are working
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on the same repository, it is important which merge commits introduced
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a change into an important branch. The problematic merge `R` above is
@@ -671,10 +671,13 @@ important branch. Instead, the merge `N` was used to merge `R` and `X`
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into the important branch. This commit may have information about why
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the change `X` came to override the changes from `A` and `B` in its
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commit message.
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+ --show-pulls::
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+ In addition to the commits shown in the default history, show
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+ each merge commit that is not TREESAME to its first parent but
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+ is TREESAME to a later parent.
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- The `--show-pulls` option helps with both of these issues by adding more
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- merge commits to the history results. If a merge is not TREESAME to its
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- first parent but is TREESAME to a later parent, then that merge is
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+ When a merge commit is included by `--show-pulls`, the merge is
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treated as if it "pulled" the change from another branch. When using
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`--show-pulls` on this example (and no other options) the resulting
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graph is:
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