Add ctad for template udt

Currently after compiling the following code:
```cpp
value: <T: type, Y: type, Z: type> type = {
    public data1: T;
    public data2: Y;
    public data3: Z;

    operator=: (out this, out t: T, inout y: Y, z: Z) = {
        t = 42;
        data1 = t;
        data2 = y;
        data3 = z;
    }
    operator=: (out this, t: * const T, y: *Y, move z: Z) = {
        data1 = t*;
        data2 = y*;
        data3 = z;
    }
}

main: () = {
    i : int;
    s := std::string("lvalue string");
    v: value = (out i, s, :std::string = "temporary string");
    std::cout << "(v.data1)$, (v.data2)$, (v.data3)$" << std::endl;

    s = "will be moved";
    w: value = (v.data1&, v.data2&, move s);
    std::cout << "(w.data1)$, (w.data2)$, (w.data3)$" << std::endl;
}
```
We will get the following error:
```
../tests/ctad.cpp2... ok (all Cpp2, passes safety checks)

../tests/ctad.cpp2:22:11: error: no viable constructor or deduction guide for deduction of template arguments of 'value'
    value v {&i, s, std::string{"temporary string"}};
          ^
../tests/ctad.cpp2:12:13: note: candidate template ignored: couldn't infer template argument 'T'
    public: value(cpp2::in<T const*> t, cpp2::in<Y*> y, Z&& z);
            ^
../tests/ctad.cpp2:6:13: note: candidate template ignored: could not match 'cpp2::out<T>' against 'cpp2::deferred_init<int> *'
    public: value(cpp2::out<T> t, Y& y, cpp2::in<Z> z);
            ^
../tests/ctad.cpp2:1:52: note: candidate function template not viable: requires 1 argument, but 3 were provided
template<typename T, typename Y, typename Z> class value {
                                                   ^
1 error generated.
```

After this change cppfront generates Class template argument deduction (CTAD)
for template class that has constructors with the same argument type list
as template arguments (order matters). cppfront will add the following
cpp1 code to `Cpp2 type definitions and function declarations` section:
```cpp
template<typename T, typename Y, typename Z> value(cpp2::deferred_init<T>*, Y&, Z const &) -> value<T, Y, Z>;
template<typename T, typename Y, typename Z> value(T const* const &, Y* const &, Z&&) -> value<T, Y, Z>;
```
And will make the code compile and run successfuly:
```
42, lvalue string, temporary string
42, lvalue string, will be moved
```

Author: filipsajdak

source/cppfront.cpp

@@ -4989,6 +4989,13 @@ class cppfront
             {
                 printer.print_cpp2( " final", n.position() );
             }
+            
+            // CTAD
+            struct ctad_details {
+                std::string args;
+                std::string types;
+            };
+            auto ctads             = std::vector<ctad_details>{};
 
             //  Type definition
 
@@ -5014,6 +5021,52 @@ class cppfront
 
                 if (decl->is_constructor()) {
                     found_constructor = true;
+
+                    if (n.template_parameters) {
+                        if (auto func = std::get_if<declaration_node::a_function>(&decl->type)) {
+                            const auto& params = (*func)->parameters->parameters;
+                            auto can_generate_ctad = std::equal(
+                                std::cbegin(params)+1, std::cend(params),
+                                std::cbegin(n.template_parameters->parameters), std::cend(n.template_parameters->parameters),
+                                [](const auto& arg, const auto& type) -> bool {
+                                    if (const auto* arg_type = std::get_if<declaration_node::an_object>(&arg->declaration->type)) {
+                                        assert(type->name());
+                                        return (*arg_type)->get_token() && (*arg_type)->get_token()->as_string_view() == type->name()->as_string_view();
+                                    } else {
+                                        return false;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            );
+                            if (can_generate_ctad) {
+                                ctads.emplace_back();
+                                std::for_each(std::cbegin(params)+1, std::cend(params), [&](const auto& arg) {
+                                    if (const auto* type = std::get_if<declaration_node::an_object>(&arg->declaration->type)) {
+                                        auto& arg_t = *type;
+                                        assert(arg_t->get_token());
+                                        auto type_name = arg_t->get_token()->to_string(true);
+                                        auto arg_type = print_to_string(*arg_t);
+                                        switch (arg->pass) {
+                                            case passing_style::in     : arg_type += " const &"; break;
+                                            case passing_style::out    : arg_type = "cpp2::deferred_init<" + arg_type + ">*"; break;
+                                            case passing_style::inout  : arg_type += "&"; break;
+                                            case passing_style::move   :
+                                            case passing_style::forward: arg_type += "&&"; break;
+                                            case passing_style::copy   : break;
+                                            default: assert(!"ICE: invalid argument passing style");
+                                        }
+
+                                        if (ctads.back().args.empty()) {
+                                            ctads.back().args = arg_type;
+                                            ctads.back().types = type_name;
+                                        } else {
+                                            ctads.back().args += ", " + arg_type;
+                                            ctads.back().types += ", " + type_name;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                });
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
                 if (decl->is_constructor_with_that()) {
                     found_that_constructor = true;
@@ -5107,6 +5160,25 @@ class cppfront
                 }
 
                 printer.print_cpp2("};\n", compound_stmt->close_brace);
+
+                if (!ctads.empty()) {
+                    printer.print_cpp2("\n", n.position());
+                }
+
+                for (const auto& ctad : ctads) {
+                    printer.print_cpp2("template", n.position());
+                    emit(*n.template_parameters, false, true);
+                    printer.print_cpp2(" ", n.position());
+
+                    printer.print_cpp2(n.name()->to_string(true), n.position());
+                    printer.print_cpp2("(", n.position());
+
+                    printer.print_cpp2(ctad.args, n.position());
+                    printer.print_cpp2(") -> ", n.position());
+                    printer.print_cpp2(n.name()->to_string(true) + "<", n.position());
+                    printer.print_cpp2(ctad.types, n.position());
+                    printer.print_cpp2(">;\n", n.position());
+                }
             }
         }