[SYCL][Bindless][1/4] Add experimental implementation of SYCL bindless images extension (#9808)

This PR stands as the first PR of four to make code review easier,
covering the changes made to libclc.

See the original whole [PR](#9665).

This is the first part of the implementation of revision 3 of the
[bindless images extension
proposal](https://github.com/intel/llvm/blob/8a48106617a9e2365c1935302d20e53bc7174368/sycl/doc/extensions/experimental/sycl_ext_oneapi_bindless_images/sycl_ext_oneapi_bindless_images.asciidoc).

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Co-authored-by: SYCL Unbound Team <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Isaac Ault <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Hugh Bird <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Duncan Brawley <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Przemek Malon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Chedy Najjar <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Sean Stirling <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Peter Zuzek <[email protected]>

Author: 8 people