[analyzer] Fix "sprintf" parameter modeling in CStringChecker

`CE->getCalleeDecl()` returns `VarDecl` if the callee is actually a
function pointer variable. Consequently, calling `getAsFunction()` will
return null.

To workaround the case, we should use the `CallEvent::parameters()`,
which will internally recover the function being called and do the right
thing.

Fixes #74269
Depends on "[analyzer][NFC] Prefer CallEvent over CallExpr in APIs"

Author: steakhal

clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst

@@ -1115,6 +1115,9 @@ Crash and bug fixes
   `#59493 <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/59493>`_,
   `#54533 <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/54533>`_)
 
+- Fixed an ``alpha.unix.cstring`` crash on variadic functions.
+  (`#74269 <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/74269>`_)
+
 - Fix false positive in mutation check when using pointer to member function.
   (`#66204 <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/66204>`_)
 

clang/lib/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/CStringChecker.cpp

@@ -2487,8 +2487,7 @@ void CStringChecker::evalSprintfCommon(CheckerContext &C, const CallEvent &Call,
   const auto *CE = cast<CallExpr>(Call.getOriginExpr());
   DestinationArgExpr Dest = {{Call.getArgExpr(0), 0}};
 
-  // FIXME: We should use `Call.parameters().size()` here.
-  const auto NumParams = CE->getCalleeDecl()->getAsFunction()->getNumParams();
+  const auto NumParams = Call.parameters().size();
   assert(CE->getNumArgs() >= NumParams);
 
   const auto AllArguments =

clang/test/Analysis/string.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-// RUN: %clang_analyze_cc1 -analyzer-checker=core,unix -verify %s
-
-// expected-no-diagnostics
+// RUN: %clang_analyze_cc1 -analyzer-checker=core,unix,debug.ExprInspection -verify %s
 
 // Test functions that are called "memcpy" but aren't the memcpy
 // we're looking for. Unfortunately, this test cannot be put into
@@ -9,6 +7,11 @@
 typedef __typeof(sizeof(int)) size_t;
 void *memcpy(void *, const void *, size_t);
 
+int sprintf(char *str, const char *format, ...);
+int snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...);
+
+void clang_analyzer_warnIfReached();
+
 struct S {
   static S s1, s2;
 
@@ -26,3 +29,19 @@ void *memcpy(void *, const S &, size_t);
 void test_out_of_class_weird_memcpy() {
   memcpy(&S::s1, S::s2, 1); // no-crash
 }
+
+template<typename... Args>
+void log(const char* fmt, const Args&... args) {
+  char buf[100] = {};
+  auto f = snprintf;
+  auto g = sprintf;
+  int n = 0;
+  n += f(buf, 99, fmt, args...); // no-crash: The CalleeDecl is a VarDecl, but it's okay.
+  n += g(buf, fmt, args...); // no-crash: Same.
+  (void)n;
+  clang_analyzer_warnIfReached(); // expected-warning {{REACHABLE}}
+}
+
+void test_gh_74269_no_crash() {
+  log("%d", 1);
+}