[LLDB] Show exit code on Windows if process can't launch (#141290)

When running a process that would exit before LLDB could stop the
target, it would try to interpret (and subsequently format) the exit
code as a Win32 error. However, processes on Windows won't return Win32
errors in that case. They will often return an
[NTSTATUS](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-erref/596a1078-e883-4972-9bbc-49e60bebca55).
One common case for this to occur is when a DLL is missing. In that
case, the process will start successfully, but it will exit with
`STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND`.
LLDB would previously return "unknown error", because it tried to
[`FormatMessage`](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/nf-winbase-formatmessage)
`0xC0000135` which doesn't work, so it fell back to "unknown error".

This PR changes the error to be the string "Process prematurely exited
with {0:x}" and doesn't try to format the exit code. One could
`FormatMessage` an `NTSTATUS` by passing `FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_HMODULE`
and a handle to `ntdll.dll`, however, I don't think we can get the
required format arguments (e.g. the missing DLL name - `%hs`).

Author: Nerixyz

lldb/source/Plugins/Process/Windows/Common/ProcessDebugger.cpp

@@ -483,7 +483,8 @@ void ProcessDebugger::OnExitProcess(uint32_t exit_code) {
   // of the error otherwise WaitForDebuggerConnection() will be blocked.
   // An example of this issue is when a process fails to load a dependent DLL.
   if (m_session_data && !m_session_data->m_initial_stop_received) {
-    Status error(exit_code, eErrorTypeWin32);
+    Status error = Status::FromErrorStringWithFormatv(
+        "Process prematurely exited with {0:x}", exit_code);
     OnDebuggerError(error, 0);
   }
 }

lldb/test/API/windows/launch/missing-dll/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+C_SOURCES := main.c
+DYLIB_C_SOURCES := dummy_dll.c
+DYLIB_NAME := dummy_dll
+
+include Makefile.rules

lldb/test/API/windows/launch/missing-dll/TestMissingDll.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import lldb
+from lldbsuite.test.decorators import *
+from lldbsuite.test.lldbtest import *
+from lldbsuite.test import lldbutil
+
+
+class MissingDllTestCase(TestBase):
+    @skipUnlessWindows
+    def test(self):
+        """
+        Test that lldb reports the application's exit code (STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND),
+        rather than trying to treat it as a Win32 error number.
+        """
+
+        self.build()
+        exe = self.getBuildArtifact("a.out")
+        dll = self.getBuildArtifact("dummy_dll.dll")
+        self.assertTrue(remove_file(dll))
+        target = self.dbg.CreateTarget(exe)
+        self.assertTrue(target, VALID_TARGET)
+
+        launch_info = lldb.SBLaunchInfo(None)
+        launch_info.SetWorkingDirectory(self.get_process_working_directory())
+
+        error = lldb.SBError()
+        target.Launch(launch_info, error)
+        self.assertFailure(error, "Process prematurely exited with 0xc0000135")

lldb/test/API/windows/launch/missing-dll/dummy_dll.c

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__declspec(dllexport) void SomeFunction(void) {}

lldb/test/API/windows/launch/missing-dll/main.c

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+__declspec(dllimport) void SomeFunction(void);
+
+int main(void) {
+  SomeFunction();
+  return 0;
+}