[clang][analyzer] Move checker alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions out of alpha. (#66207)

Author: balazske

clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst

@@ -662,6 +662,8 @@ Static Analyzer
 - Added a new checker ``core.BitwiseShift`` which reports situations where
   bitwise shift operators produce undefined behavior (because some operand is
   negative or too large).
+- Move checker ``alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions`` out of the ``alpha`` package
+  to ``unix.StdCLibraryFunctions``.
 
 - Fix false positive in mutation check when using pointer to member function.
   (`#66204: <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/66204>`_).

clang/docs/analyzer/checkers.rst

@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@ Check the size argument passed into C string functions for common erroneous patt
 .. _unix-cstring-NullArg:
 
 unix.cstring.NullArg (C)
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""
+""""""""""""""""""""""""
 Check for null pointers being passed as arguments to C string functions:
 ``strlen, strnlen, strcpy, strncpy, strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcasecmp, strncasecmp, wcslen, wcsnlen``.
 
@@ -1026,6 +1026,99 @@ Check for null pointers being passed as arguments to C string functions:
    return strlen(0); // warn
  }
 
+.. _unix-StdCLibraryFunctions:
+
+unix.StdCLibraryFunctions (C)
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+Check for calls of standard library functions that violate predefined argument
+constraints. For example, according to the C standard the behavior of function
+``int isalnum(int ch)`` is undefined if the value of ``ch`` is not representable
+as ``unsigned char`` and is not equal to ``EOF``.
+
+You can think of this checker as defining restrictions (pre- and postconditions)
+on standard library functions. Preconditions are checked, and when they are
+violated, a warning is emitted. Postconditions are added to the analysis, e.g.
+that the return value of a function is not greater than 255. Preconditions are
+added to the analysis too, in the case when the affected values are not known
+before the call.
+
+For example, if an argument to a function must be in between 0 and 255, but the
+value of the argument is unknown, the analyzer will assume that it is in this
+interval. Similarly, if a function mustn't be called with a null pointer and the
+analyzer cannot prove that it is null, then it will assume that it is non-null.
+
+These are the possible checks on the values passed as function arguments:
+ - The argument has an allowed range (or multiple ranges) of values. The checker
+   can detect if a passed value is outside of the allowed range and show the
+   actual and allowed values.
+ - The argument has pointer type and is not allowed to be null pointer. Many
+   (but not all) standard functions can produce undefined behavior if a null
+   pointer is passed, these cases can be detected by the checker.
+ - The argument is a pointer to a memory block and the minimal size of this
+   buffer is determined by another argument to the function, or by
+   multiplication of two arguments (like at function ``fread``), or is a fixed
+   value (for example ``asctime_r`` requires at least a buffer of size 26). The
+   checker can detect if the buffer size is too small and in optimal case show
+   the size of the buffer and the values of the corresponding arguments.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+  #define EOF -1
+  void test_alnum_concrete(int v) {
+    int ret = isalnum(256); // \
+    // warning: Function argument outside of allowed range
+    (void)ret;
+  }
+
+  void buffer_size_violation(FILE *file) {
+    enum { BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 };
+    wchar_t wbuf[BUFFER_SIZE];
+
+    const size_t size = sizeof(*wbuf);   // 4
+    const size_t nitems = sizeof(wbuf);  // 4096
+
+    // Below we receive a warning because the 3rd parameter should be the
+    // number of elements to read, not the size in bytes. This case is a known
+    // vulnerability described by the ARR38-C SEI-CERT rule.
+    fread(wbuf, size, nitems, file);
+  }
+
+  int test_alnum_symbolic(int x) {
+    int ret = isalnum(x);
+    // after the call, ret is assumed to be in the range [-1, 255]
+
+    if (ret > 255)      // impossible (infeasible branch)
+      if (x == 0)
+        return ret / x; // division by zero is not reported
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+Additionally to the argument and return value conditions, this checker also adds
+state of the value ``errno`` if applicable to the analysis. Many system
+functions set the ``errno`` value only if an error occurs (together with a
+specific return value of the function), otherwise it becomes undefined. This
+checker changes the analysis state to contain such information. This data is
+used by other checkers, for example :ref:`alpha-unix-Errno`.
+
+**Limitations**
+
+The checker can not always provide notes about the values of the arguments.
+Without this information it is hard to confirm if the constraint is indeed
+violated. The argument values are shown if they are known constants or the value
+is determined by previous (not too complicated) assumptions.
+
+The checker can produce false positives in cases such as if the program has
+invariants not known to the analyzer engine or the bug report path contains
+calls to unknown functions. In these cases the analyzer fails to detect the real
+range of the argument.
+
+**Parameters**
+
+The checker models functions (and emits diagnostics) from the C standard by
+default. The ``ModelPOSIX`` option enables modeling (and emit diagnostics) of
+additional functions that are defined in the POSIX standard. This option is
+disabled by default.
+
 .. _osx-checkers:
 
 osx
@@ -2677,101 +2770,7 @@ For a more detailed description of configuration options, please see the
   file. This causes potential true positive findings to be lost.
 
 alpha.unix
-^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. _alpha-unix-StdCLibraryFunctions:
-
-alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions (C)
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
-Check for calls of standard library functions that violate predefined argument
-constraints. For example, it is stated in the C standard that for the ``int
-isalnum(int ch)`` function the behavior is undefined if the value of ``ch`` is
-not representable as unsigned char and is not equal to ``EOF``.
-
-.. code-block:: c
-
-  #define EOF -1
-  void test_alnum_concrete(int v) {
-    int ret = isalnum(256); // \
-    // warning: Function argument outside of allowed range
-    (void)ret;
-  }
-
-  void buffer_size_violation(FILE *file) {
-    enum { BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 };
-    wchar_t wbuf[BUFFER_SIZE];
-
-    const size_t size = sizeof(*wbuf);   // 4
-    const size_t nitems = sizeof(wbuf);  // 4096
-
-    // Below we receive a warning because the 3rd parameter should be the
-    // number of elements to read, not the size in bytes. This case is a known
-    // vulnerability described by the ARR38-C SEI-CERT rule.
-    fread(wbuf, size, nitems, file);
-  }
-
-You can think of this checker as defining restrictions (pre- and postconditions)
-on standard library functions. Preconditions are checked, and when they are
-violated, a warning is emitted. Post conditions are added to the analysis, e.g.
-that the return value must be no greater than 255.
-
-For example if an argument to a function must be in between 0 and 255, but the
-value of the argument is unknown, the analyzer will conservatively assume that
-it is in this interval. Similarly, if a function mustn't be called with a null
-pointer and the null value of the argument can not be proven, the analyzer will
-assume that it is non-null.
-
-These are the possible checks on the values passed as function arguments:
- - The argument has an allowed range (or multiple ranges) of values. The checker
-   can detect if a passed value is outside of the allowed range and show the
-   actual and allowed values.
- - The argument has pointer type and is not allowed to be null pointer. Many
-   (but not all) standard functions can produce undefined behavior if a null
-   pointer is passed, these cases can be detected by the checker.
- - The argument is a pointer to a memory block and the minimal size of this
-   buffer is determined by another argument to the function, or by
-   multiplication of two arguments (like at function ``fread``), or is a fixed
-   value (for example ``asctime_r`` requires at least a buffer of size 26). The
-   checker can detect if the buffer size is too small and in optimal case show
-   the size of the buffer and the values of the corresponding arguments.
-
-.. code-block:: c
-
-  int test_alnum_symbolic(int x) {
-    int ret = isalnum(x);
-    // after the call, ret is assumed to be in the range [-1, 255]
-
-    if (ret > 255)      // impossible (infeasible branch)
-      if (x == 0)
-        return ret / x; // division by zero is not reported
-    return ret;
-  }
-
-Additionally to the argument and return value conditions, this checker also adds
-state of the value ``errno`` if applicable to the analysis. Many system
-functions set the ``errno`` value only if an error occurs (together with a
-specific return value of the function), otherwise it becomes undefined. This
-checker changes the analysis state to contain such information. This data is
-used by other checkers, for example :ref:`alpha-unix-Errno`.
-
-**Limitations**
-
-The checker can not always provide notes about the values of the arguments.
-Without this information it is hard to confirm if the constraint is indeed
-violated. The argument values are shown if they are known constants or the value
-is determined by previous (not too complicated) assumptions.
-
-The checker can produce false positives in cases such as if the program has
-invariants not known to the analyzer engine or the bug report path contains
-calls to unknown functions. In these cases the analyzer fails to detect the real
-range of the argument.
-
-**Parameters**
-
-The checker models functions (and emits diagnostics) from the C standard by
-default. The ``ModelPOSIX`` option enables modeling (and emit diagnostics) of
-additional functions that are defined in the POSIX standard. This option is
-disabled by default.
+^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. _alpha-unix-BlockInCriticalSection:
 
@@ -2840,9 +2839,9 @@ pages of the functions and in the `POSIX standard <https://pubs.opengroup.org/on
    return 1;
  }
 
-The checker :ref:`alpha-unix-StdCLibraryFunctions` must be turned on to get the
+The checker :ref:`unix-StdCLibraryFunctions` must be turned on to get the
 warnings from this checker. The supported functions are the same as by
-:ref:`alpha-unix-StdCLibraryFunctions`. The ``ModelPOSIX`` option of that
+:ref:`unix-StdCLibraryFunctions`. The ``ModelPOSIX`` option of that
 checker affects the set of checked functions.
 
 **Parameters**

clang/include/clang/StaticAnalyzer/Checkers/Checkers.td

@@ -532,6 +532,27 @@ def MismatchedDeallocatorChecker : Checker<"MismatchedDeallocator">,
   Dependencies<[DynamicMemoryModeling]>,
   Documentation<HasDocumentation>;
 
+def StdCLibraryFunctionsChecker : Checker<"StdCLibraryFunctions">,
+  HelpText<"Check for invalid arguments of C standard library functions, "
+           "and apply relations between arguments and return value">,
+  CheckerOptions<[
+    CmdLineOption<Boolean,
+                  "DisplayLoadedSummaries",
+                  "If set to true, the checker displays the found summaries "
+                  "for the given translation unit.",
+                  "false",
+                  Released,
+                  Hide>,
+    CmdLineOption<Boolean,
+                  "ModelPOSIX",
+                  "If set to true, the checker models additional functions "
+                  "from the POSIX standard.",
+                  "false",
+                  InAlpha>
+  ]>,
+  WeakDependencies<[CallAndMessageChecker, NonNullParamChecker]>,
+  Documentation<HasDocumentation>;
+
 def VforkChecker : Checker<"Vfork">,
   HelpText<"Check for proper usage of vfork">,
   Documentation<HasDocumentation>;
@@ -574,27 +595,6 @@ def BlockInCriticalSectionChecker : Checker<"BlockInCriticalSection">,
   HelpText<"Check for calls to blocking functions inside a critical section">,
   Documentation<HasDocumentation>;
 
-def StdCLibraryFunctionsChecker : Checker<"StdCLibraryFunctions">,
-  HelpText<"Check for invalid arguments of C standard library functions, "
-           "and apply relations between arguments and return value">,
-  CheckerOptions<[
-    CmdLineOption<Boolean,
-                  "DisplayLoadedSummaries",
-                  "If set to true, the checker displays the found summaries "
-                  "for the given translation unit.",
-                  "false",
-                  Released,
-                  Hide>,
-    CmdLineOption<Boolean,
-                  "ModelPOSIX",
-                  "If set to true, the checker models additional functions "
-                  "from the POSIX standard.",
-                  "false",
-                  InAlpha>
-  ]>,
-  WeakDependencies<[CallAndMessageChecker, NonNullParamChecker, StreamChecker]>,
-  Documentation<HasDocumentation>;
-
 } // end "alpha.unix"
 
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
@@ -1627,6 +1627,7 @@ def DebugIteratorModeling : Checker<"DebugIteratorModeling">,
 def StdCLibraryFunctionsTesterChecker : Checker<"StdCLibraryFunctionsTester">,
   HelpText<"Add test functions to the summary map, so testing of individual "
            "summary constituents becomes possible.">,
+  WeakDependencies<[StdCLibraryFunctionsChecker]>,
   Documentation<NotDocumented>;
 
 } // end "debug"

clang/test/Analysis/PR49642.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // RUN: %clang_analyze_cc1 -Wno-implicit-function-declaration -Wno-implicit-int -w -verify %s \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=core \
-// RUN:   -analyzer-checker=alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions
+// RUN:   -analyzer-checker=unix.StdCLibraryFunctions
 
 // expected-no-diagnostics
 

clang/test/Analysis/analyzer-config.c

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 // CHECK-NEXT: alpha.security.MmapWriteExec:MmapProtRead = 0x01
 // CHECK-NEXT: alpha.security.taint.TaintPropagation:Config = ""
 // CHECK-NEXT: alpha.unix.Errno:AllowErrnoReadOutsideConditionExpressions = true
-// CHECK-NEXT: alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:DisplayLoadedSummaries = false
-// CHECK-NEXT: alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:ModelPOSIX = false
 // CHECK-NEXT: apply-fixits = false
 // CHECK-NEXT: assume-controlled-environment = false
 // CHECK-NEXT: avoid-suppressing-null-argument-paths = false
@@ -129,6 +127,8 @@
 // CHECK-NEXT: track-conditions-debug = false
 // CHECK-NEXT: unix.DynamicMemoryModeling:AddNoOwnershipChangeNotes = true
 // CHECK-NEXT: unix.DynamicMemoryModeling:Optimistic = false
+// CHECK-NEXT: unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:DisplayLoadedSummaries = false
+// CHECK-NEXT: unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:ModelPOSIX = false
 // CHECK-NEXT: unroll-loops = false
 // CHECK-NEXT: verbose-report-filename = false
 // CHECK-NEXT: widen-loops = false

clang/test/Analysis/analyzer-enabled-checkers.c

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 // CHECK-NEXT: unix.Malloc
 // CHECK-NEXT: unix.MallocSizeof
 // CHECK-NEXT: unix.MismatchedDeallocator
+// CHECK-NEXT: unix.StdCLibraryFunctions
 // CHECK-NEXT: unix.Vfork
 // CHECK-NEXT: unix.cstring.BadSizeArg
 // CHECK-NEXT: unix.cstring.NullArg

clang/test/Analysis/conversion.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // RUN: %clang_analyze_cc1 %s \
 // RUN:   -Wno-conversion -Wno-tautological-constant-compare \
-// RUN:   -analyzer-checker=core,apiModeling,alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions,alpha.core.Conversion \
+// RUN:   -analyzer-checker=core,apiModeling,unix.StdCLibraryFunctions,alpha.core.Conversion \
 // RUN:   -verify
 
 unsigned char U8;
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ char dontwarn10(long long x) {
 }
 
 
-// C library functions, handled via alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions
+// C library functions, handled via unix.StdCLibraryFunctions
 
 int isascii(int c);
 void libraryFunction1(void) {

clang/test/Analysis/errno-stdlibraryfunctions-notes.c

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 // RUN: %clang_analyze_cc1 -verify -analyzer-output text %s \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=core \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=debug.ExprInspection \
-// RUN:   -analyzer-checker=alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions \
+// RUN:   -analyzer-checker=unix.StdCLibraryFunctions \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=apiModeling.Errno \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=alpha.unix.Errno \
-// RUN:   -analyzer-config alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:ModelPOSIX=true
+// RUN:   -analyzer-config unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:ModelPOSIX=true
 
 #include "Inputs/errno_var.h"
 

clang/test/Analysis/errno-stdlibraryfunctions.c

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 // RUN: %clang_analyze_cc1 -verify %s \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=core \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=debug.ExprInspection \
-// RUN:   -analyzer-checker=alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions \
+// RUN:   -analyzer-checker=unix.StdCLibraryFunctions \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=apiModeling.Errno \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=alpha.unix.Errno \
-// RUN:   -analyzer-config alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:ModelPOSIX=true
+// RUN:   -analyzer-config unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:ModelPOSIX=true
 
 #include "Inputs/errno_var.h"
 

clang/test/Analysis/std-c-library-functions-POSIX-lookup.c

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // RUN: %clang_analyze_cc1 %s \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=core \
-// RUN:   -analyzer-checker=alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions \
-// RUN:   -analyzer-config alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:ModelPOSIX=true \
-// RUN:   -analyzer-config alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:DisplayLoadedSummaries=true \
+// RUN:   -analyzer-checker=unix.StdCLibraryFunctions \
+// RUN:   -analyzer-config unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:ModelPOSIX=true \
+// RUN:   -analyzer-config unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:DisplayLoadedSummaries=true \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=debug.ExprInspection \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-config eagerly-assume=false \
 // RUN:   -triple i686-unknown-linux 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --allow-empty

clang/test/Analysis/std-c-library-functions-POSIX-socket-sockaddr.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // RUN: %clang_analyze_cc1 %s \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=core \
-// RUN:   -analyzer-checker=alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions \
-// RUN:   -analyzer-config alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:ModelPOSIX=true \
-// RUN:   -analyzer-config alpha.unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:DisplayLoadedSummaries=true \
+// RUN:   -analyzer-checker=unix.StdCLibraryFunctions \
+// RUN:   -analyzer-config unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:ModelPOSIX=true \
+// RUN:   -analyzer-config unix.StdCLibraryFunctions:DisplayLoadedSummaries=true \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-checker=debug.ExprInspection \
 // RUN:   -analyzer-config eagerly-assume=false \
 // RUN:   -triple i686-unknown-linux 2>&1 | FileCheck %s