[mlir][AMDGPU] Plumb address space 7 through MLIR, add address_space attr.

This commit adds support for casting memrefs into fat raw buffer
pointers to the AMDGPU dialect.

Fat raw buffer pointers - or, in LLVM terms, ptr addrspcae(7), allow
encapsulating a buffer descriptor (as produced by the make.buffer.rsrc
intrinsic or provided from some API) into a pointer that supports
ordinary pointer operations like load or store. This allows people to
take advantage of the additional semantics that buffer_load and
similar instructions provide without forcing the use of entirely
separate amdgpu.raw_buffer_* operations.

Operations on fat raw buffer pointers are translated to the
corresponding LLVM intrinsics by the backend.

This commit also goes and and defines a #amdgpu.address_space<>
attribute so that AMDGPU-specific memory spaces can be represented.
Only #amdgpu.address_space<fat_raw_buffer> will work correctly with
the memref dialect, but the other possible address spaces are included
for completeness.

Author: krzysz00

mlir/include/mlir/Conversion/AMDGPUToROCDL/AMDGPUToROCDL.h

@@ -16,18 +16,26 @@ namespace mlir {
 
 class LLVMTypeConverter;
 class RewritePatternSet;
+class TypeConverter;
 class Pass;
 
 #define GEN_PASS_DECL_CONVERTAMDGPUTOROCDL
 #include "mlir/Conversion/Passes.h.inc"
 
-/// Note: The ROCDL target does not support the LLVM bfloat type at this time
-/// and so this function will add conversions to change all `bfloat` uses
-/// to `i16`.
-void populateAMDGPUToROCDLConversionPatterns(const LLVMTypeConverter &converter,
+/// Note: This function will also add conversions for the AMDGPU-specific
+/// address spaces, but those can be added separately using
+/// populateAMDGPUMemorySpaceAttributeConversions().
+void populateAMDGPUToROCDLConversionPatterns(LLVMTypeConverter &converter,
                                              RewritePatternSet &patterns,
                                              amdgpu::Chipset chipset);
 
+/// Remap AMDGPU memory spaces to LLVM address spaces
+/// by mapping amdgpu::AddressSpace::fat_raw_buffer to ptr addrspace(7),
+/// amdgpu::AddressSpace::buffer_rsrc to ptr addrspace(8), and
+/// amdgpu::AddressSpace::fat_strided_buffer to ptr addrspace(9).
+void populateAMDGPUMemorySpaceAttributeConversions(
+    TypeConverter &typeConverter);
+
 std::unique_ptr<Pass> createConvertAMDGPUToROCDLPass();
 
 } // namespace mlir

mlir/include/mlir/Dialect/AMDGPU/IR/AMDGPU.td

@@ -9,8 +9,11 @@
 #ifndef AMDGPU
 #define AMDGPU
 
+include "mlir/Interfaces/InferTypeOpInterface.td"
 include "mlir/Interfaces/SideEffectInterfaces.td"
+include "mlir/Interfaces/ViewLikeInterface.td"
 include "mlir/IR/EnumAttr.td"
+include "mlir/IR/Properties.td"
 include "mlir/IR/OpBase.td"
 
 def AMDGPU_Dialect : Dialect {
@@ -32,6 +35,45 @@ def AMDGPU_Dialect : Dialect {
   let useDefaultAttributePrinterParser = 1;
 }
 
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// AMDGPU general attribute definitions
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+def AMDGPU_AddressSpace : I32EnumAttr<"AddressSpace",
+    "AMDGPU-specific address spaces",
+    [
+      I32EnumAttrCase<"FatRawBuffer",        0, "fat_raw_buffer">,
+      I32EnumAttrCase<"BufferRsrc",          1, "buffer_rsrc">,
+      I32EnumAttrCase<"FatStructuredBuffer", 2, "fat_structured_buffer">,
+    ]> {
+  let genSpecializedAttr = 0;
+  let cppNamespace = "::mlir::amdgpu";
+}
+
+def AMDGPU_AddressSpaceAttr : EnumAttr<AMDGPU_Dialect, AMDGPU_AddressSpace,
+    "address_space"> {
+  let description = [{
+    AMDGPU-specific memory spaces that may not have exact analogues on other
+    GPU targets or backends.
+
+    - fat_raw_buffer is the memory space used when a memref is stored as
+    as a "buffer fat pointer" - that is, a buffer resource (that is set up to
+    use raw byte-level indexing) along with its offset. The AMDGPU backend
+    implements ptr addrspace(7) to represent these fat pointers so that
+    buffer resources (which allow advanced features like bounds checking or
+    cache swizzling) can be used like ordinary LLVM pointers or memrefs.
+    See also the fat_raw_buffer_cast operation
+    - buffer_rsrc is the memory space for ptr addrspace(8), representing a
+    buffer resource. It should not be used for memrefs, since it does not support
+    indexing
+    - fat_structured_buffer represents ptr addrspace(9), a buffer resource
+    that carries both an index and offset field, which are used for complex
+    structured indexing that is primarily seen in graphics applications. This
+    is also incompatible with the simple indexing model supported by memref.
+  }];
+  let assemblyFormat = [{ `<` $value `>` }];
+}
+
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // AMDGPU Op definitions
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
@@ -118,6 +160,69 @@ def AMDGPU_PackedStochRoundFp8Op :
   let hasVerifier = 1;
 }
 
+def AMDGPU_FatRawBufferCastOp :
+    AMDGPU_Op<"fat_raw_buffer_cast",
+      [Pure,
+       DeclareOpInterfaceMethods<InferTypeOpInterface>,
+       ViewLikeOpInterface, AttrSizedOperandSegments]>,
+    Arguments<(ins AnyMemRef:$source,
+      Optional<I32>:$validBytes,
+      Optional<I<14>>:$cacheSwizzleStride,
+      DefaultValuedProp<BoolProp, "true">:$boundsCheck,
+      UnitProp:$resetOffset)>,
+    Results<(outs AnyMemRef:$result)> {
+  let summary = "Create a raw buffer fat pointer that matches `memref`";
+  let description = [{
+    Wraps the memory pointed to by `in` as a raw buffer fat pointer, or,
+    in LLVM terms, a ptr addrspace(7), returning a memref that has the same
+    sizes and layout but the `#amdgpu.address_space<fat_raw_buffer>`
+    address space.
+
+    This memref can be used with standard memref operations like `memref.load`,
+    `memref.store`, and `memref.atomicrmw`, which will be lowered to the relevant
+    buffer intrinsics. (`vector.masked_load/store` will work once there's backend
+    support for lowering them, and then this document will be updated)
+
+    If `validBytes` is given, it is the number of bytes that will be valid as
+    an offset to `out`. If it is not provided, this will be inferred from
+    the size of the memref during lowering. This size is
+    max_d (sizes[d] * strides[d]) * sizeof(element type)..
+
+    The flags of the buffer descriptor will be set up to enable raw usage -
+    for example, stride = 0, add_tid = 0, and so on. The `boundsCheck`
+    property determines if bounds checking is enabled or not (on architectures
+    where this can be controlled - that is, on RDNA chips).
+
+    If `cacheSwizzleStride` is provided, L1 cache swizzling will be enabled
+    on architectures that support it. This swizzling, unlike the main swizzling
+    mode (whose usage makes a buffer non-raw) does not affect index calculaton,
+    but does affect cache behavior. Mixing access between cache-swizzled raw
+    buffers and other forms of memory access, like ordinary pointer loads or
+    unswizzled buffer pointers can cause incorrect behavior and must be avoided.
+
+    This operation preserves the sizes, strides, and offset of the input
+    memref - they'll be added in by `memref.load` later. However, if
+    `resetOffset` is set, that offset will be added to the base pointer.
+    If the value of the memref's offset is not independent of the lane/thread ID,
+    this will lead to substantially decreased performance due to the need for
+    a waterfall loop on the base address of the buffer resource.
+  }];
+
+  let extraClassDeclaration = [{
+    Value getViewSource() { return getSource(); }
+  }];
+
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    $source oilist (`validBytes` `(` $validBytes `)`
+      | `cacheSwizzleStride` `(` $cacheSwizzleStride `)`
+      | `boundsCheck` `(` $boundsCheck `)`
+      | `resetOffset` $resetOffset )
+    attr-dict `:` type($source) `to` type($result)
+  }];
+
+  let hasVerifier = 1;
+}
+
 /// Raw buffer load
 def AMDGPU_RawBufferLoadOp :
     AMDGPU_Op<"raw_buffer_load", [AllElementTypesMatch<["value", "memref"]>,

mlir/include/mlir/Dialect/AMDGPU/IR/AMDGPUDialect.h

@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Dialect.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/OpDefinition.h"
+#include "mlir/Interfaces/InferTypeOpInterface.h"
 #include "mlir/Interfaces/SideEffectInterfaces.h"
+#include "mlir/Interfaces/ViewLikeInterface.h"
 
 #include "mlir/Dialect/AMDGPU/IR/AMDGPUDialect.h.inc"