Reapply 078198f "Index DebugVariables and some DILocations"

Now revised to actually make the unit test compile, which I'd been
ignoring. No actual functional change, it's a type difference.
Original commit message follows.

[DebugInfo][InstrRef] Index DebugVariables and some DILocations (#99318)

A lot of time in LiveDebugValues is spent computing DenseMap keys for
DebugVariables, and they're made up of three pointers, so are large.
This patch installs an index for them: for the SSA and value-to-location
mapping parts of InstrRefBasedLDV we don't need to access things like
the variable declaration or the inlining site, so just use a uint32_t
identifier for each variable fragment that's tracked. The compile-time
performance improvements are substantial (almost 0.4% on the tracker).

About 80% of this patch is just replacing DebugVariable references with
DebugVariableIDs instead, however there are some larger consequences. We
spend lots of time fetching DILocations when emitting DBG_VALUE
instructions, so index those with the DebugVariables: this means all
DILocations on all new DBG_VALUE instructions will normalise to the
first-seen DILocation for the variable (which should be fine).

We also used to keep an ordering of when each variable was seen first in
a DBG_* instruction, in the AllVarsNumbering collection, so that we can
emit new DBG_* instructions in a stable order. We can hang this off the
DebugVariable index instead, so AllVarsNumbering is deleted.

Finally, rather than ordering by AllVarsNumbering just before DBG_*
instructions are linked into the output MIR, store instructions along
with their DebugVariableID, so that they can be sorted by that instead.

Author: jmorse