Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)

Merge updates from Andrew Morton:

 - a few misc bits

 - ocfs2

 - most(?) of MM

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <[email protected]>: (125 commits)
  thp: fix comments of __pmd_trans_huge_lock()
  cgroup: remove unnecessary 0 check from css_from_id()
  cgroup: fix idr leak for the first cgroup root
  mm: memcontrol: fix documentation for compound parameter
  mm: memcontrol: remove BUG_ON in uncharge_list
  mm: fix build warnings in <linux/compaction.h>
  mm, thp: convert from optimistic swapin collapsing to conservative
  mm, thp: fix comment inconsistency for swapin readahead functions
  thp: update Documentation/{vm/transhuge,filesystems/proc}.txt
  shmem: split huge pages beyond i_size under memory pressure
  thp: introduce CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHE
  khugepaged: add support of collapse for tmpfs/shmem pages
  shmem: make shmem_inode_info::lock irq-safe
  khugepaged: move up_read(mmap_sem) out of khugepaged_alloc_page()
  thp: extract khugepaged from mm/huge_memory.c
  shmem, thp: respect MADV_{NO,}HUGEPAGE for file mappings
  shmem: add huge pages support
  shmem: get_unmapped_area align huge page
  shmem: prepare huge= mount option and sysfs knob
  mm, rmap: account shmem thp pages
  ...

Author: torvalds

Documentation/blockdev/zram.txt

@@ -59,62 +59,72 @@ num_devices parameter is optional and tells zram how many devices should be
 pre-created. Default: 1.
 
 2) Set max number of compression streams
-	Regardless the value passed to this attribute, ZRAM will always
-	allocate multiple compression streams - one per online CPUs - thus
-	allowing several concurrent compression operations. The number of
-	allocated compression streams goes down when some of the CPUs
-	become offline. There is no single-compression-stream mode anymore,
-	unless you are running a UP system or has only 1 CPU online.
-
-	To find out how many streams are currently available:
+Regardless the value passed to this attribute, ZRAM will always
+allocate multiple compression streams - one per online CPUs - thus
+allowing several concurrent compression operations. The number of
+allocated compression streams goes down when some of the CPUs
+become offline. There is no single-compression-stream mode anymore,
+unless you are running a UP system or has only 1 CPU online.
+
+To find out how many streams are currently available:
 	cat /sys/block/zram0/max_comp_streams
 
 3) Select compression algorithm
-	Using comp_algorithm device attribute one can see available and
-	currently selected (shown in square brackets) compression algorithms,
-	change selected compression algorithm (once the device is initialised
-	there is no way to change compression algorithm).
+Using comp_algorithm device attribute one can see available and
+currently selected (shown in square brackets) compression algorithms,
+change selected compression algorithm (once the device is initialised
+there is no way to change compression algorithm).
 
-	Examples:
+Examples:
 	#show supported compression algorithms
 	cat /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
 	lzo [lz4]
 
 	#select lzo compression algorithm
 	echo lzo > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
 
+For the time being, the `comp_algorithm' content does not necessarily
+show every compression algorithm supported by the kernel. We keep this
+list primarily to simplify device configuration and one can configure
+a new device with a compression algorithm that is not listed in
+`comp_algorithm'. The thing is that, internally, ZRAM uses Crypto API
+and, if some of the algorithms were built as modules, it's impossible
+to list all of them using, for instance, /proc/crypto or any other
+method. This, however, has an advantage of permitting the usage of
+custom crypto compression modules (implementing S/W or H/W compression).
+
 4) Set Disksize
-        Set disk size by writing the value to sysfs node 'disksize'.
-        The value can be either in bytes or you can use mem suffixes.
-        Examples:
-            # Initialize /dev/zram0 with 50MB disksize
-            echo $((50*1024*1024)) > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
+Set disk size by writing the value to sysfs node 'disksize'.
+The value can be either in bytes or you can use mem suffixes.
+Examples:
+	# Initialize /dev/zram0 with 50MB disksize
+	echo $((50*1024*1024)) > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
 
-            # Using mem suffixes
-            echo 256K > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
-            echo 512M > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
-            echo 1G > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
+	# Using mem suffixes
+	echo 256K > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
+	echo 512M > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
+	echo 1G > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
 
 Note:
 There is little point creating a zram of greater than twice the size of memory
 since we expect a 2:1 compression ratio. Note that zram uses about 0.1% of the
 size of the disk when not in use so a huge zram is wasteful.
 
 5) Set memory limit: Optional
-	Set memory limit by writing the value to sysfs node 'mem_limit'.
-	The value can be either in bytes or you can use mem suffixes.
-	In addition, you could change the value in runtime.
-	Examples:
-	    # limit /dev/zram0 with 50MB memory
-	    echo $((50*1024*1024)) > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
-
-	    # Using mem suffixes
-	    echo 256K > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
-	    echo 512M > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
-	    echo 1G > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
-
-	    # To disable memory limit
-	    echo 0 > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
+Set memory limit by writing the value to sysfs node 'mem_limit'.
+The value can be either in bytes or you can use mem suffixes.
+In addition, you could change the value in runtime.
+Examples:
+	# limit /dev/zram0 with 50MB memory
+	echo $((50*1024*1024)) > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
+
+	# Using mem suffixes
+	echo 256K > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
+	echo 512M > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
+	echo 1G > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
+
+	# To disable memory limit
+	echo 0 > /sys/block/zram0/mem_limit
 
 6) Activate:
 	mkswap /dev/zram0

Documentation/filesystems/Locking

@@ -195,7 +195,9 @@ prototypes:
 	int (*releasepage) (struct page *, int);
 	void (*freepage)(struct page *);
 	int (*direct_IO)(struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *iter);
+	bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *, isolate_mode_t);
 	int (*migratepage)(struct address_space *, struct page *, struct page *);
+	void (*putback_page) (struct page *);
 	int (*launder_page)(struct page *);
 	int (*is_partially_uptodate)(struct page *, unsigned long, unsigned long);
 	int (*error_remove_page)(struct address_space *, struct page *);
@@ -219,7 +221,9 @@ invalidatepage:		yes
 releasepage:		yes
 freepage:		yes
 direct_IO:
+isolate_page:		yes
 migratepage:		yes (both)
+putback_page:		yes
 launder_page:		yes
 is_partially_uptodate:	yes
 error_remove_page:	yes
@@ -544,13 +548,13 @@ subsequent truncate), and then return with VM_FAULT_LOCKED, and the page
 locked. The VM will unlock the page.
 
 	->map_pages() is called when VM asks to map easy accessible pages.
-Filesystem should find and map pages associated with offsets from "pgoff"
-till "max_pgoff". ->map_pages() is called with page table locked and must
+Filesystem should find and map pages associated with offsets from "start_pgoff"
+till "end_pgoff". ->map_pages() is called with page table locked and must
 not block.  If it's not possible to reach a page without blocking,
 filesystem should skip it. Filesystem should use do_set_pte() to setup
-page table entry. Pointer to entry associated with offset "pgoff" is
-passed in "pte" field in vm_fault structure. Pointers to entries for other
-offsets should be calculated relative to "pte".
+page table entry. Pointer to entry associated with the page is passed in
+"pte" field in fault_env structure. Pointers to entries for other offsets
+should be calculated relative to "pte".
 
 	->page_mkwrite() is called when a previously read-only pte is
 about to become writeable. The filesystem again must ensure that there are

Documentation/filesystems/dax.txt

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ These block devices may be used for inspiration:
 - axonram: Axon DDR2 device driver
 - brd: RAM backed block device driver
 - dcssblk: s390 dcss block device driver
+- pmem: NVDIMM persistent memory driver
 
 
 Implementation Tips for Filesystem Writers
@@ -75,8 +76,9 @@ calls to get_block() (for example by a page-fault racing with a read()
 or a write()) work correctly.
 
 These filesystems may be used for inspiration:
-- ext2: the second extended filesystem, see Documentation/filesystems/ext2.txt
-- ext4: the fourth extended filesystem, see Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt
+- ext2: see Documentation/filesystems/ext2.txt
+- ext4: see Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt
+- xfs:  see Documentation/filesystems/xfs.txt
 
 
 Handling Media Errors

Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt

@@ -436,6 +436,7 @@ Private_Dirty:         0 kB
 Referenced:          892 kB
 Anonymous:             0 kB
 AnonHugePages:         0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
 Shared_Hugetlb:        0 kB
 Private_Hugetlb:       0 kB
 Swap:                  0 kB
@@ -464,6 +465,8 @@ accessed.
 a mapping associated with a file may contain anonymous pages: when MAP_PRIVATE
 and a page is modified, the file page is replaced by a private anonymous copy.
 "AnonHugePages" shows the ammount of memory backed by transparent hugepage.
+"ShmemPmdMapped" shows the ammount of shared (shmem/tmpfs) memory backed by
+huge pages.
 "Shared_Hugetlb" and "Private_Hugetlb" show the ammounts of memory backed by
 hugetlbfs page which is *not* counted in "RSS" or "PSS" field for historical
 reasons. And these are not included in {Shared,Private}_{Clean,Dirty} field.
@@ -868,6 +871,9 @@ VmallocTotal:   112216 kB
 VmallocUsed:       428 kB
 VmallocChunk:   111088 kB
 AnonHugePages:   49152 kB
+ShmemHugePages:      0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:      0 kB
+
 
     MemTotal: Total usable ram (i.e. physical ram minus a few reserved
               bits and the kernel binary code)
@@ -912,6 +918,9 @@ MemAvailable: An estimate of how much memory is available for starting new
 AnonHugePages: Non-file backed huge pages mapped into userspace page tables
       Mapped: files which have been mmaped, such as libraries
        Shmem: Total memory used by shared memory (shmem) and tmpfs
+ShmemHugePages: Memory used by shared memory (shmem) and tmpfs allocated
+              with huge pages
+ShmemPmdMapped: Shared memory mapped into userspace with huge pages
         Slab: in-kernel data structures cache
 SReclaimable: Part of Slab, that might be reclaimed, such as caches
   SUnreclaim: Part of Slab, that cannot be reclaimed on memory pressure

Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt

@@ -592,9 +592,14 @@ struct address_space_operations {
 	int (*releasepage) (struct page *, int);
 	void (*freepage)(struct page *);
 	ssize_t (*direct_IO)(struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *iter);
+	/* isolate a page for migration */
+	bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *, isolate_mode_t);
 	/* migrate the contents of a page to the specified target */
 	int (*migratepage) (struct page *, struct page *);
+	/* put migration-failed page back to right list */
+	void (*putback_page) (struct page *);
 	int (*launder_page) (struct page *);
+
 	int (*is_partially_uptodate) (struct page *, unsigned long,
 					unsigned long);
 	void (*is_dirty_writeback) (struct page *, bool *, bool *);
@@ -747,13 +752,19 @@ struct address_space_operations {
         and transfer data directly between the storage and the
         application's address space.
 
+  isolate_page: Called by the VM when isolating a movable non-lru page.
+	If page is successfully isolated, VM marks the page as PG_isolated
+	via __SetPageIsolated.
+
   migrate_page:  This is used to compact the physical memory usage.
         If the VM wants to relocate a page (maybe off a memory card
         that is signalling imminent failure) it will pass a new page
 	and an old page to this function.  migrate_page should
 	transfer any private data across and update any references
         that it has to the page.
 
+  putback_page: Called by the VM when isolated page's migration fails.
+
   launder_page: Called before freeing a page - it writes back the dirty page. To
   	prevent redirtying the page, it is kept locked during the whole
 	operation.

Documentation/vm/page_migration

@@ -142,5 +142,111 @@ Steps:
 20. The new page is moved to the LRU and can be scanned by the swapper
     etc again.
 
-Christoph Lameter, May 8, 2006.
+C. Non-LRU page migration
+-------------------------
+
+Although original migration aimed for reducing the latency of memory access
+for NUMA, compaction who want to create high-order page is also main customer.
+
+Current problem of the implementation is that it is designed to migrate only
+*LRU* pages. However, there are potential non-lru pages which can be migrated
+in drivers, for example, zsmalloc, virtio-balloon pages.
+
+For virtio-balloon pages, some parts of migration code path have been hooked
+up and added virtio-balloon specific functions to intercept migration logics.
+It's too specific to a driver so other drivers who want to make their pages
+movable would have to add own specific hooks in migration path.
+
+To overclome the problem, VM supports non-LRU page migration which provides
+generic functions for non-LRU movable pages without driver specific hooks
+migration path.
+
+If a driver want to make own pages movable, it should define three functions
+which are function pointers of struct address_space_operations.
+
+1. bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode);
+
+What VM expects on isolate_page function of driver is to return *true*
+if driver isolates page successfully. On returing true, VM marks the page
+as PG_isolated so concurrent isolation in several CPUs skip the page
+for isolation. If a driver cannot isolate the page, it should return *false*.
+
+Once page is successfully isolated, VM uses page.lru fields so driver
+shouldn't expect to preserve values in that fields.
+
+2. int (*migratepage) (struct address_space *mapping,
+		struct page *newpage, struct page *oldpage, enum migrate_mode);
+
+After isolation, VM calls migratepage of driver with isolated page.
+The function of migratepage is to move content of the old page to new page
+and set up fields of struct page newpage. Keep in mind that you should
+indicate to the VM the oldpage is no longer movable via __ClearPageMovable()
+under page_lock if you migrated the oldpage successfully and returns
+MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS. If driver cannot migrate the page at the moment, driver
+can return -EAGAIN. On -EAGAIN, VM will retry page migration in a short time
+because VM interprets -EAGAIN as "temporal migration failure". On returning
+any error except -EAGAIN, VM will give up the page migration without retrying
+in this time.
+
+Driver shouldn't touch page.lru field VM using in the functions.
+
+3. void (*putback_page)(struct page *);
+
+If migration fails on isolated page, VM should return the isolated page
+to the driver so VM calls driver's putback_page with migration failed page.
+In this function, driver should put the isolated page back to the own data
+structure.
 
+4. non-lru movable page flags
+
+There are two page flags for supporting non-lru movable page.
+
+* PG_movable
+
+Driver should use the below function to make page movable under page_lock.
+
+	void __SetPageMovable(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping)
+
+It needs argument of address_space for registering migration family functions
+which will be called by VM. Exactly speaking, PG_movable is not a real flag of
+struct page. Rather than, VM reuses page->mapping's lower bits to represent it.
+
+	#define PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE 0x2
+	page->mapping = page->mapping | PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE;
+
+so driver shouldn't access page->mapping directly. Instead, driver should
+use page_mapping which mask off the low two bits of page->mapping under
+page lock so it can get right struct address_space.
+
+For testing of non-lru movable page, VM supports __PageMovable function.
+However, it doesn't guarantee to identify non-lru movable page because
+page->mapping field is unified with other variables in struct page.
+As well, if driver releases the page after isolation by VM, page->mapping
+doesn't have stable value although it has PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE
+(Look at __ClearPageMovable). But __PageMovable is cheap to catch whether
+page is LRU or non-lru movable once the page has been isolated. Because
+LRU pages never can have PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE in page->mapping. It is also
+good for just peeking to test non-lru movable pages before more expensive
+checking with lock_page in pfn scanning to select victim.
+
+For guaranteeing non-lru movable page, VM provides PageMovable function.
+Unlike __PageMovable, PageMovable functions validates page->mapping and
+mapping->a_ops->isolate_page under lock_page. The lock_page prevents sudden
+destroying of page->mapping.
+
+Driver using __SetPageMovable should clear the flag via __ClearMovablePage
+under page_lock before the releasing the page.
+
+* PG_isolated
+
+To prevent concurrent isolation among several CPUs, VM marks isolated page
+as PG_isolated under lock_page. So if a CPU encounters PG_isolated non-lru
+movable page, it can skip it. Driver doesn't need to manipulate the flag
+because VM will set/clear it automatically. Keep in mind that if driver
+sees PG_isolated page, it means the page have been isolated by VM so it
+shouldn't touch page.lru field.
+PG_isolated is alias with PG_reclaim flag so driver shouldn't use the flag
+for own purpose.
+
+Christoph Lameter, May 8, 2006.
+Minchan Kim, Mar 28, 2016.