mm: list_lru: allocate list_lru_one only when needed

In our server, we found a suspected memory leak problem.  The kmalloc-32
consumes more than 6GB of memory.  Other kmem_caches consume less than
2GB memory.

After our in-depth analysis, the memory consumption of kmalloc-32 slab
cache is the cause of list_lru_one allocation.

  crash> p memcg_nr_cache_ids
  memcg_nr_cache_ids = $2 = 24574

memcg_nr_cache_ids is very large and memory consumption of each list_lru
can be calculated with the following formula.

  num_numa_node * memcg_nr_cache_ids * 32 (kmalloc-32)

There are 4 numa nodes in our system, so each list_lru consumes ~3MB.

  crash> list super_blocks | wc -l
  952

Every mount will register 2 list lrus, one is for inode, another is for
dentry.  There are 952 super_blocks.  So the total memory is 952 * 2 * 3
MB (~5.6GB).  But the number of memory cgroup is less than 500.  So I
guess more than 12286 containers have been deployed on this machine (I do
not know why there are so many containers, it may be a user's bug or the
user really want to do that).  And memcg_nr_cache_ids has not been reduced
to a suitable value.  This can waste a lot of memory.

Now the infrastructure for dynamic list_lru_one allocation is ready, so
remove statically allocated memory code to save memory.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <[email protected]>
Cc: Alex Shi <[email protected]>
Cc: Anna Schumaker <[email protected]>
Cc: Chao Yu <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Chinner <[email protected]>
Cc: Fam Zheng <[email protected]>
Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <[email protected]>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <[email protected]>
Cc: Kari Argillander <[email protected]>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <[email protected]>
Cc: Michal Hocko <[email protected]>
Cc: Qi Zheng <[email protected]>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <[email protected]>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <[email protected]>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <[email protected]>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <[email protected]>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <[email protected]>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <[email protected]>
Cc: Wei Yang <[email protected]>
Cc: Xiongchun Duan <[email protected]>
Cc: Yang Shi <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>

Author: Muchun Song

include/linux/list_lru.h

@@ -32,14 +32,15 @@ struct list_lru_one {
 };
 
 struct list_lru_per_memcg {
+	struct rcu_head		rcu;
 	/* array of per cgroup per node lists, indexed by node id */
-	struct list_lru_one	node[0];
+	struct list_lru_one	node[];
 };
 
 struct list_lru_memcg {
 	struct rcu_head			rcu;
 	/* array of per cgroup lists, indexed by memcg_cache_id */
-	struct list_lru_per_memcg	*mlru[];
+	struct list_lru_per_memcg __rcu	*mlru[];
 };
 
 struct list_lru_node {
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ int __list_lru_init(struct list_lru *lru, bool memcg_aware,
 int memcg_list_lru_alloc(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, struct list_lru *lru,
 			 gfp_t gfp);
 int memcg_update_all_list_lrus(int num_memcgs);
-void memcg_drain_all_list_lrus(int src_idx, struct mem_cgroup *dst_memcg);
+void memcg_drain_all_list_lrus(struct mem_cgroup *src, struct mem_cgroup *dst);
 
 /**
  * list_lru_add: add an element to the lru list's tail

mm/list_lru.c

@@ -60,8 +60,12 @@ list_lru_from_memcg_idx(struct list_lru *lru, int nid, int idx)
 	 * from relocation (see memcg_update_list_lru).
 	 */
 	mlrus = rcu_dereference_check(lru->mlrus, lockdep_is_held(&nlru->lock));
-	if (mlrus && idx >= 0)
-		return &mlrus->mlru[idx]->node[nid];
+	if (mlrus && idx >= 0) {
+		struct list_lru_per_memcg *mlru;
+
+		mlru = rcu_dereference_check(mlrus->mlru[idx], true);
+		return mlru ? &mlru->node[nid] : NULL;
+	}
 	return &nlru->lru;
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +192,7 @@ unsigned long list_lru_count_one(struct list_lru *lru,
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	l = list_lru_from_memcg_idx(lru, nid, memcg_cache_id(memcg));
-	count = READ_ONCE(l->nr_items);
+	count = l ? READ_ONCE(l->nr_items) : 0;
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 	if (unlikely(count < 0))
@@ -217,8 +221,11 @@ __list_lru_walk_one(struct list_lru *lru, int nid, int memcg_idx,
 	struct list_head *item, *n;
 	unsigned long isolated = 0;
 
-	l = list_lru_from_memcg_idx(lru, nid, memcg_idx);
 restart:
+	l = list_lru_from_memcg_idx(lru, nid, memcg_idx);
+	if (!l)
+		goto out;
+
 	list_for_each_safe(item, n, &l->list) {
 		enum lru_status ret;
 
@@ -262,6 +269,7 @@ __list_lru_walk_one(struct list_lru *lru, int nid, int memcg_idx,
 			BUG();
 		}
 	}
+out:
 	return isolated;
 }
 
@@ -354,20 +362,25 @@ static struct list_lru_per_memcg *memcg_init_list_lru_one(gfp_t gfp)
 	return mlru;
 }
 
-static int memcg_init_list_lru_range(struct list_lru_memcg *mlrus,
-				     int begin, int end)
+static void memcg_list_lru_free(struct list_lru *lru, int src_idx)
 {
-	int i;
+	struct list_lru_memcg *mlrus;
+	struct list_lru_per_memcg *mlru;
 
-	for (i = begin; i < end; i++) {
-		mlrus->mlru[i] = memcg_init_list_lru_one(GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (!mlrus->mlru[i])
-			goto fail;
-	}
-	return 0;
-fail:
-	memcg_destroy_list_lru_range(mlrus, begin, i);
-	return -ENOMEM;
+	spin_lock_irq(&lru->lock);
+	mlrus = rcu_dereference_protected(lru->mlrus, true);
+	mlru = rcu_dereference_protected(mlrus->mlru[src_idx], true);
+	rcu_assign_pointer(mlrus->mlru[src_idx], NULL);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&lru->lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * The __list_lru_walk_one() can walk the list of this node.
+	 * We need kvfree_rcu() here. And the walking of the list
+	 * is under lru->node[nid]->lock, which can serve as a RCU
+	 * read-side critical section.
+	 */
+	if (mlru)
+		kvfree_rcu(mlru, rcu);
 }
 
 static int memcg_init_list_lru(struct list_lru *lru, bool memcg_aware)
@@ -381,14 +394,10 @@ static int memcg_init_list_lru(struct list_lru *lru, bool memcg_aware)
 
 	spin_lock_init(&lru->lock);
 
-	mlrus = kvmalloc(struct_size(mlrus, mlru, size), GFP_KERNEL);
+	mlrus = kvzalloc(struct_size(mlrus, mlru, size), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!mlrus)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	if (memcg_init_list_lru_range(mlrus, 0, size)) {
-		kvfree(mlrus);
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
 	RCU_INIT_POINTER(lru->mlrus, mlrus);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -422,34 +431,16 @@ static int memcg_update_list_lru(struct list_lru *lru, int old_size, int new_siz
 	if (!new)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	if (memcg_init_list_lru_range(new, old_size, new_size)) {
-		kvfree(new);
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
-
 	spin_lock_irq(&lru->lock);
 	memcpy(&new->mlru, &old->mlru, flex_array_size(new, mlru, old_size));
+	memset(&new->mlru[old_size], 0, flex_array_size(new, mlru, new_size - old_size));
 	rcu_assign_pointer(lru->mlrus, new);
 	spin_unlock_irq(&lru->lock);
 
 	kvfree_rcu(old, rcu);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void memcg_cancel_update_list_lru(struct list_lru *lru,
-					 int old_size, int new_size)
-{
-	struct list_lru_memcg *mlrus;
-
-	mlrus = rcu_dereference_protected(lru->mlrus,
-					  lockdep_is_held(&list_lrus_mutex));
-	/*
-	 * Do not bother shrinking the array back to the old size, because we
-	 * cannot handle allocation failures here.
-	 */
-	memcg_destroy_list_lru_range(mlrus, old_size, new_size);
-}
-
 int memcg_update_all_list_lrus(int new_size)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
@@ -460,15 +451,10 @@ int memcg_update_all_list_lrus(int new_size)
 	list_for_each_entry(lru, &memcg_list_lrus, list) {
 		ret = memcg_update_list_lru(lru, old_size, new_size);
 		if (ret)
-			goto fail;
+			break;
 	}
-out:
 	mutex_unlock(&list_lrus_mutex);
 	return ret;
-fail:
-	list_for_each_entry_continue_reverse(lru, &memcg_list_lrus, list)
-		memcg_cancel_update_list_lru(lru, old_size, new_size);
-	goto out;
 }
 
 static void memcg_drain_list_lru_node(struct list_lru *lru, int nid,
@@ -485,6 +471,8 @@ static void memcg_drain_list_lru_node(struct list_lru *lru, int nid,
 	spin_lock_irq(&nlru->lock);
 
 	src = list_lru_from_memcg_idx(lru, nid, src_idx);
+	if (!src)
+		goto out;
 	dst = list_lru_from_memcg_idx(lru, nid, dst_idx);
 
 	list_splice_init(&src->list, &dst->list);
@@ -494,7 +482,7 @@ static void memcg_drain_list_lru_node(struct list_lru *lru, int nid,
 		set_shrinker_bit(dst_memcg, nid, lru_shrinker_id(lru));
 		src->nr_items = 0;
 	}
-
+out:
 	spin_unlock_irq(&nlru->lock);
 }
 
@@ -505,15 +493,41 @@ static void memcg_drain_list_lru(struct list_lru *lru,
 
 	for_each_node(i)
 		memcg_drain_list_lru_node(lru, i, src_idx, dst_memcg);
+
+	memcg_list_lru_free(lru, src_idx);
 }
 
-void memcg_drain_all_list_lrus(int src_idx, struct mem_cgroup *dst_memcg)
+void memcg_drain_all_list_lrus(struct mem_cgroup *src, struct mem_cgroup *dst)
 {
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
 	struct list_lru *lru;
+	int src_idx = src->kmemcg_id;
+
+	/*
+	 * Change kmemcg_id of this cgroup and all its descendants to the
+	 * parent's id, and then move all entries from this cgroup's list_lrus
+	 * to ones of the parent.
+	 *
+	 * After we have finished, all list_lrus corresponding to this cgroup
+	 * are guaranteed to remain empty. So we can safely free this cgroup's
+	 * list lrus in memcg_list_lru_free().
+	 *
+	 * Changing ->kmemcg_id to the parent can prevent memcg_list_lru_alloc()
+	 * from allocating list lrus for this cgroup after memcg_list_lru_free()
+	 * call.
+	 */
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	css_for_each_descendant_pre(css, &src->css) {
+		struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
+
+		memcg = mem_cgroup_from_css(css);
+		memcg->kmemcg_id = dst->kmemcg_id;
+	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 	mutex_lock(&list_lrus_mutex);
 	list_for_each_entry(lru, &memcg_list_lrus, list)
-		memcg_drain_list_lru(lru, src_idx, dst_memcg);
+		memcg_drain_list_lru(lru, src_idx, dst);
 	mutex_unlock(&list_lrus_mutex);
 }
 
@@ -528,7 +542,7 @@ static bool memcg_list_lru_allocated(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
 		return true;
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
-	allocated = !!rcu_dereference(lru->mlrus)->mlru[idx];
+	allocated = !!rcu_access_pointer(rcu_dereference(lru->mlrus)->mlru[idx]);
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 	return allocated;
@@ -576,11 +590,12 @@ int memcg_list_lru_alloc(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, struct list_lru *lru,
 	mlrus = rcu_dereference_protected(lru->mlrus, true);
 	while (i--) {
 		int index = table[i].memcg->kmemcg_id;
+		struct list_lru_per_memcg *mlru = table[i].mlru;
 
-		if (mlrus->mlru[index])
-			kfree(table[i].mlru);
+		if (index < 0 || rcu_dereference_protected(mlrus->mlru[index], true))
+			kfree(mlru);
 		else
-			mlrus->mlru[index] = table[i].mlru;
+			rcu_assign_pointer(mlrus->mlru[index], mlru);
 	}
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&lru->lock, flags);
 

mm/memcontrol.c

@@ -3709,6 +3709,10 @@ static void memcg_offline_kmem(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
 
 	memcg_reparent_objcgs(memcg, parent);
 
+	/*
+	 * memcg_drain_all_list_lrus() can change memcg->kmemcg_id.
+	 * Cache it to local @kmemcg_id.
+	 */
 	kmemcg_id = memcg->kmemcg_id;
 
 	/*
@@ -3717,7 +3721,7 @@ static void memcg_offline_kmem(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
 	 * The ordering is imposed by list_lru_node->lock taken by
 	 * memcg_drain_all_list_lrus().
 	 */
-	memcg_drain_all_list_lrus(kmemcg_id, parent);
+	memcg_drain_all_list_lrus(memcg, parent);
 
 	memcg_free_cache_id(kmemcg_id);
 }