BUG: Failure in empty boolean CategoricalIndex

Fixes GH #22702.

Author: pganssle

pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py

@@ -2439,9 +2439,13 @@ def _get_codes_for_values(values, categories):
     """
     utility routine to turn values into codes given the specified categories
     """
-
     from pandas.core.algorithms import _get_data_algo, _hashtables
-    if not is_dtype_equal(values.dtype, categories.dtype):
+    if is_dtype_equal(values.dtype, categories.dtype):
+        # To prevent erroneous dtype coercion in _get_data_algo, retrieve
+        # the underlying numpy array. gh-22702
+        values = getattr(values, 'values', values)
+        categories = getattr(categories, 'values', categories)
+    else:
         values = ensure_object(values)
         categories = ensure_object(categories)
 

pandas/tests/arrays/categorical/test_constructors.py

@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ def test_constructor_empty(self):
         expected = pd.Int64Index([1, 2, 3])
         tm.assert_index_equal(c.categories, expected)
 
-    @pytest.mark.xfail
     def test_constructor_empty_boolean(self):
         # see gh-22702
         cat = pd.Categorical([], categories=[True, False])

pandas/tests/indexes/test_category.py

@@ -136,7 +136,6 @@ def test_construction_with_dtype(self):
         result = CategoricalIndex(idx, categories=idx, ordered=True)
         tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected, exact=True)
 
-    @pytest.mark.xfail
     def test_construction_empty_with_bool_categories(self):
         # see gh-22702
         cat = pd.CategoricalIndex([], categories=[True, False])