BUG: read_parquet does not respect index for arrow dtype backend

Author: phofl

pandas/io/parquet.py

@@ -259,7 +259,9 @@ def read(
                         pa_table.column_names, pa_table.itercolumns()
                     )
                 }
-                if len(index_columns) == 1 and isinstance(index_columns[0], dict):
+                if len(index_columns) == 0:
+                    idx = None
+                elif len(index_columns) == 1 and isinstance(index_columns[0], dict):
                     params = index_columns[0]
                     idx = RangeIndex(
                         params.get("start"), params.get("stop"), params.get("step")
@@ -270,7 +272,10 @@ def read(
                         result_dc.pop(index_col) for index_col in index_columns
                     ]
                     if len(index_data) == 1:
-                        idx = Index(index_data[0], name=index_columns[0])
+                        name = index_columns[0]
+                        if isinstance(name, str) and name.startswith("__index_level_"):
+                            name = None
+                        idx = Index(index_data[0], name=name)
                     else:
                         idx = MultiIndex.from_arrays(index_data, names=index_columns)
                 result = DataFrame(result_dc, index=idx)

pandas/tests/io/test_parquet.py

@@ -1241,16 +1241,21 @@ def test_pyarrow_backed_df_index(self, index, pa):
         expected = obj.astype("int64[pyarrow]").set_index(index)
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
-    def test_pyarrow_backed_df_range_index(self, pa):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("index", [True, False, None])
+    def test_pyarrow_backed_df_range_index(self, pa, index):
         # GH#48944
         df = pd.DataFrame(
             data={"A": [0, 1], "B": [1, 0]}, index=RangeIndex(start=100, stop=102)
         )
         with tm.ensure_clean("test.parquet") as path:
             with open(path.encode(), "wb") as f:
-                df.to_parquet(f)
+                df.to_parquet(f, index=index)
 
             with pd.option_context("mode.dtype_backend", "pyarrow"):
                 result = read_parquet(path, engine="pyarrow")
         expected = df.astype("int64[pyarrow]")
+        if index is False:
+            expected = expected.reset_index(drop=True)
+        elif index:
+            expected.index = pd.Index([100, 101], dtype="int64[pyarrow]")
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)