bpo-42182: stdtypes doc - update and fix links to several dunder methods (GH-27384)

(cherry picked from commit 8c74713)

Co-authored-by: andrei kulakov <[email protected]>

Author: miss-islington

Doc/library/stdtypes.rst

@@ -178,13 +178,14 @@ operators are only defined where they make sense; for example, they raise a
    single: __ge__() (instance method)
 
 Non-identical instances of a class normally compare as non-equal unless the
-class defines the :meth:`__eq__` method.
+class defines the :meth:`~object.__eq__` method.
 
 Instances of a class cannot be ordered with respect to other instances of the
 same class, or other types of object, unless the class defines enough of the
-methods :meth:`__lt__`, :meth:`__le__`, :meth:`__gt__`, and :meth:`__ge__` (in
-general, :meth:`__lt__` and :meth:`__eq__` are sufficient, if you want the
-conventional meanings of the comparison operators).
+methods :meth:`~object.__lt__`, :meth:`~object.__le__`, :meth:`~object.__gt__`, and
+:meth:`~object.__ge__` (in general, :meth:`~object.__lt__` and
+:meth:`~object.__eq__` are sufficient, if you want the conventional meanings of the
+comparison operators).
 
 The behavior of the :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`is not` operators cannot be
 customized; also they can be applied to any two objects and never raise an
@@ -639,7 +640,7 @@ Hashing of numeric types
 ------------------------
 
 For numbers ``x`` and ``y``, possibly of different types, it's a requirement
-that ``hash(x) == hash(y)`` whenever ``x == y`` (see the :meth:`__hash__`
+that ``hash(x) == hash(y)`` whenever ``x == y`` (see the :meth:`~object.__hash__`
 method documentation for more details).  For ease of implementation and
 efficiency across a variety of numeric types (including :class:`int`,
 :class:`float`, :class:`decimal.Decimal` and :class:`fractions.Fraction`)
@@ -1275,7 +1276,7 @@ loops.
            range(start, stop[, step])
 
    The arguments to the range constructor must be integers (either built-in
-   :class:`int` or any object that implements the ``__index__`` special
+   :class:`int` or any object that implements the :meth:`~object.__index__` special
    method).  If the *step* argument is omitted, it defaults to ``1``.
    If the *start* argument is omitted, it defaults to ``0``.
    If *step* is zero, :exc:`ValueError` is raised.
@@ -4719,9 +4720,9 @@ their implementation of the context management protocol. See the
 Python's :term:`generator`\s and the :class:`contextlib.contextmanager` decorator
 provide a convenient way to implement these protocols.  If a generator function is
 decorated with the :class:`contextlib.contextmanager` decorator, it will return a
-context manager implementing the necessary :meth:`__enter__` and
-:meth:`__exit__` methods, rather than the iterator produced by an undecorated
-generator function.
+context manager implementing the necessary :meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` and
+:meth:`~contextmanager.__exit__` methods, rather than the iterator produced by an
+undecorated generator function.
 
 Note that there is no specific slot for any of these methods in the type
 structure for Python objects in the Python/C API. Extension types wanting to