bpo-29762: More use "raise from None". (#569)

This hides unwanted implementation details from tracebacks.

Author: serhiy-storchaka

Lib/_collections_abc.py

@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ def pop(self):
         try:
             value = next(it)
         except StopIteration:
-            raise KeyError
+            raise KeyError from None
         self.discard(value)
         return value
 
@@ -808,7 +808,7 @@ def popitem(self):
         try:
             key = next(iter(self))
         except StopIteration:
-            raise KeyError
+            raise KeyError from None
         value = self[key]
         del self[key]
         return key, value

Lib/_weakrefset.py

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def pop(self):
             try:
                 itemref = self.data.pop()
             except KeyError:
-                raise KeyError('pop from empty WeakSet')
+                raise KeyError('pop from empty WeakSet') from None
             item = itemref()
             if item is not None:
                 return item

Lib/aifc.py

@@ -149,25 +149,25 @@ def _read_long(file):
     try:
         return struct.unpack('>l', file.read(4))[0]
     except struct.error:
-        raise EOFError
+        raise EOFError from None
 
 def _read_ulong(file):
     try:
         return struct.unpack('>L', file.read(4))[0]
     except struct.error:
-        raise EOFError
+        raise EOFError from None
 
 def _read_short(file):
     try:
         return struct.unpack('>h', file.read(2))[0]
     except struct.error:
-        raise EOFError
+        raise EOFError from None
 
 def _read_ushort(file):
     try:
         return struct.unpack('>H', file.read(2))[0]
     except struct.error:
-        raise EOFError
+        raise EOFError from None
 
 def _read_string(file):
     length = ord(file.read(1))

Lib/asyncio/base_events.py

@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ def create_server(self, protocol_factory, host=None, port=None,
                     except OSError as err:
                         raise OSError(err.errno, 'error while attempting '
                                       'to bind on address %r: %s'
-                                      % (sa, err.strerror.lower()))
+                                      % (sa, err.strerror.lower())) from None
                 completed = True
             finally:
                 if not completed:

Lib/bdb.py

@@ -336,11 +336,11 @@ def get_bpbynumber(self, arg):
         try:
             number = int(arg)
         except ValueError:
-            raise ValueError('Non-numeric breakpoint number %s' % arg)
+            raise ValueError('Non-numeric breakpoint number %s' % arg) from None
         try:
             bp = Breakpoint.bpbynumber[number]
         except IndexError:
-            raise ValueError('Breakpoint number %d out of range' % number)
+            raise ValueError('Breakpoint number %d out of range' % number) from None
         if bp is None:
             raise ValueError('Breakpoint %d already deleted' % number)
         return bp

Lib/chunk.py

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def __init__(self, file, align=True, bigendian=True, inclheader=False):
         try:
             self.chunksize = struct.unpack_from(strflag+'L', file.read(4))[0]
         except struct.error:
-            raise EOFError
+            raise EOFError from None
         if inclheader:
             self.chunksize = self.chunksize - 8 # subtract header
         self.size_read = 0

Lib/configparser.py

@@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ def _unify_values(self, section, vars):
             sectiondict = self._sections[section]
         except KeyError:
             if section != self.default_section:
-                raise NoSectionError(section)
+                raise NoSectionError(section) from None
         # Update with the entry specific variables
         vardict = {}
         if vars:

Lib/copyreg.py

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def _reduce_ex(self, proto):
     except AttributeError:
         if getattr(self, "__slots__", None):
             raise TypeError("a class that defines __slots__ without "
-                            "defining __getstate__ cannot be pickled")
+                            "defining __getstate__ cannot be pickled") from None
         try:
             dict = self.__dict__
         except AttributeError:

Lib/difflib.py

@@ -2079,7 +2079,7 @@ def restore(delta, which):
         tag = {1: "- ", 2: "+ "}[int(which)]
     except KeyError:
         raise ValueError('unknown delta choice (must be 1 or 2): %r'
-                           % which)
+                           % which) from None
     prefixes = ("  ", tag)
     for line in delta:
         if line[:2] in prefixes:

Lib/dis.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def distb(tb=None, *, file=None):
         try:
             tb = sys.last_traceback
         except AttributeError:
-            raise RuntimeError("no last traceback to disassemble")
+            raise RuntimeError("no last traceback to disassemble") from None
         while tb.tb_next: tb = tb.tb_next
     disassemble(tb.tb_frame.f_code, tb.tb_lasti, file=file)
 

Lib/json/decoder.py

@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ def py_scanstring(s, end, strict=True,
         try:
             esc = s[end]
         except IndexError:
-            raise JSONDecodeError("Unterminated string starting at", s, begin)
+            raise JSONDecodeError("Unterminated string starting at",
+                                  s, begin) from None
         # If not a unicode escape sequence, must be in the lookup table
         if esc != 'u':
             try:

Lib/json/scanner.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def _scan_once(string, idx):
         try:
             nextchar = string[idx]
         except IndexError:
-            raise StopIteration(idx)
+            raise StopIteration(idx) from None
 
         if nextchar == '"':
             return parse_string(string, idx + 1, strict)

Lib/lib2to3/patcomp.py

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def compile_pattern(self, input, debug=False, with_tree=False):
         try:
             root = self.driver.parse_tokens(tokens, debug=debug)
         except parse.ParseError as e:
-            raise PatternSyntaxError(str(e))
+            raise PatternSyntaxError(str(e)) from None
         if with_tree:
             return self.compile_node(root), root
         else:

Lib/lib2to3/pgen2/literals.py

@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ def escape(m):
         try:
             i = int(hexes, 16)
         except ValueError:
-            raise ValueError("invalid hex string escape ('\\%s')" % tail)
+            raise ValueError("invalid hex string escape ('\\%s')" % tail) from None
     else:
         try:
             i = int(tail, 8)
         except ValueError:
-            raise ValueError("invalid octal string escape ('\\%s')" % tail)
+            raise ValueError("invalid octal string escape ('\\%s')" % tail) from None
     return chr(i)
 
 def evalString(s):

Lib/lib2to3/refactor.py

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ def get_fixers(self):
             try:
                 fix_class = getattr(mod, class_name)
             except AttributeError:
-                raise FixerError("Can't find %s.%s" % (fix_name, class_name))
+                raise FixerError("Can't find %s.%s" % (fix_name, class_name)) from None
             fixer = fix_class(self.options, self.fixer_log)
             if fixer.explicit and self.explicit is not True and \
                     fix_mod_path not in self.explicit:

Lib/locale.py

@@ -512,7 +512,8 @@ def _build_localename(localetuple):
         else:
             return language + '.' + encoding
     except (TypeError, ValueError):
-        raise TypeError('Locale must be None, a string, or an iterable of two strings -- language code, encoding.')
+        raise TypeError('Locale must be None, a string, or an iterable of '
+                        'two strings -- language code, encoding.') from None
 
 def getdefaultlocale(envvars=('LC_ALL', 'LC_CTYPE', 'LANG', 'LANGUAGE')):
 

Lib/mailbox.py

@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ def _lookup(self, key):
         try:
             return self._toc[key]
         except KeyError:
-            raise KeyError('No message with key: %s' % key)
+            raise KeyError('No message with key: %s' % key) from None
 
     # This method is for backward compatibility only.
     def next(self):
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ def _lookup(self, key=None):
             try:
                 return self._toc[key]
             except KeyError:
-                raise KeyError('No message with key: %s' % key)
+                raise KeyError('No message with key: %s' % key) from None
 
     def _append_message(self, message):
         """Append message to mailbox and return (start, stop) offsets."""
@@ -1572,7 +1572,7 @@ def set_date(self, date):
         try:
             self._date = float(date)
         except ValueError:
-            raise TypeError("can't convert to float: %s" % date)
+            raise TypeError("can't convert to float: %s" % date) from None
 
     def get_info(self):
         """Get the message's "info" as a string."""

Lib/multiprocessing/context.py

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ def get_context(self, method=None):
         try:
             ctx = _concrete_contexts[method]
         except KeyError:
-            raise ValueError('cannot find context for %r' % method)
+            raise ValueError('cannot find context for %r' % method) from None
         ctx._check_available()
         return ctx
 

Lib/multiprocessing/pool.py

@@ -720,14 +720,14 @@ def next(self, timeout=None):
                 item = self._items.popleft()
             except IndexError:
                 if self._index == self._length:
-                    raise StopIteration
+                    raise StopIteration from None
                 self._cond.wait(timeout)
                 try:
                     item = self._items.popleft()
                 except IndexError:
                     if self._index == self._length:
-                        raise StopIteration
-                    raise TimeoutError
+                        raise StopIteration from None
+                    raise TimeoutError from None
 
         success, value = item
         if success:

Lib/multiprocessing/process.py

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ def sentinel(self):
         try:
             return self._sentinel
         except AttributeError:
-            raise ValueError("process not started")
+            raise ValueError("process not started") from None
 
     def __repr__(self):
         if self is _current_process:

Lib/netrc.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def __init__(self, file=None):
             try:
                 file = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], ".netrc")
             except KeyError:
-                raise OSError("Could not find .netrc: $HOME is not set")
+                raise OSError("Could not find .netrc: $HOME is not set") from None
         self.hosts = {}
         self.macros = {}
         with open(file) as fp:

Lib/nntplib.py

@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ def xpath(self, id):
         try:
             [resp_num, path] = resp.split()
         except ValueError:
-            raise NNTPReplyError(resp)
+            raise NNTPReplyError(resp) from None
         else:
             return resp, path
 

Lib/pickle.py

@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ def _getattribute(obj, name):
             obj = getattr(obj, subpath)
         except AttributeError:
             raise AttributeError("Can't get attribute {!r} on {!r}"
-                                 .format(name, obj))
+                                 .format(name, obj)) from None
     return obj, parent
 
 def whichmodule(obj, name):
@@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ def save_global(self, obj, name=None):
         except (ImportError, KeyError, AttributeError):
             raise PicklingError(
                 "Can't pickle %r: it's not found as %s.%s" %
-                (obj, module_name, name))
+                (obj, module_name, name)) from None
         else:
             if obj2 is not obj:
                 raise PicklingError(
@@ -964,7 +964,7 @@ def save_global(self, obj, name=None):
             except UnicodeEncodeError:
                 raise PicklingError(
                     "can't pickle global identifier '%s.%s' using "
-                    "pickle protocol %i" % (module, name, self.proto))
+                    "pickle protocol %i" % (module, name, self.proto)) from None
 
         self.memoize(obj)
 

Lib/shutil.py

@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ def make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0,
     try:
         format_info = _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[format]
     except KeyError:
-        raise ValueError("unknown archive format '%s'" % format)
+        raise ValueError("unknown archive format '%s'" % format) from None
 
     func = format_info[0]
     for arg, val in format_info[1]:
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ def unpack_archive(filename, extract_dir=None, format=None):
         try:
             format_info = _UNPACK_FORMATS[format]
         except KeyError:
-            raise ValueError("Unknown unpack format '{0}'".format(format))
+            raise ValueError("Unknown unpack format '{0}'".format(format)) from None
 
         func = format_info[1]
         func(filename, extract_dir, **dict(format_info[2]))

Lib/sysconfig.py

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ def _subst_vars(s, local_vars):
         try:
             return s.format(**os.environ)
         except KeyError as var:
-            raise AttributeError('{%s}' % var)
+            raise AttributeError('{%s}' % var) from None
 
 def _extend_dict(target_dict, other_dict):
     target_keys = target_dict.keys()

Lib/warnings.py

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ def _setoption(arg):
             if lineno < 0:
                 raise ValueError
         except (ValueError, OverflowError):
-            raise _OptionError("invalid lineno %r" % (lineno,))
+            raise _OptionError("invalid lineno %r" % (lineno,)) from None
     else:
         lineno = 0
     filterwarnings(action, message, category, module, lineno)
@@ -233,19 +233,19 @@ def _getcategory(category):
         try:
             cat = eval(category)
         except NameError:
-            raise _OptionError("unknown warning category: %r" % (category,))
+            raise _OptionError("unknown warning category: %r" % (category,)) from None
     else:
         i = category.rfind(".")
         module = category[:i]
         klass = category[i+1:]
         try:
             m = __import__(module, None, None, [klass])
         except ImportError:
-            raise _OptionError("invalid module name: %r" % (module,))
+            raise _OptionError("invalid module name: %r" % (module,)) from None
         try:
             cat = getattr(m, klass)
         except AttributeError:
-            raise _OptionError("unknown warning category: %r" % (category,))
+            raise _OptionError("unknown warning category: %r" % (category,)) from None
     if not issubclass(cat, Warning):
         raise _OptionError("invalid warning category: %r" % (category,))
     return cat

Lib/xml/dom/xmlbuilder.py

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ def setFeature(self, name, state):
                 settings = self._settings[(_name_xform(name), state)]
             except KeyError:
                 raise xml.dom.NotSupportedErr(
-                    "unsupported feature: %r" % (name,))
+                    "unsupported feature: %r" % (name,)) from None
             else:
                 for name, value in settings:
                     setattr(self._options, name, value)

Lib/xml/etree/ElementPath.py

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ def xpath_tokenizer(pattern, namespaces=None):
                     raise KeyError
                 yield token[0], "{%s}%s" % (namespaces[prefix], uri)
             except KeyError:
-                raise SyntaxError("prefix %r not found in prefix map" % prefix)
+                raise SyntaxError("prefix %r not found in prefix map" % prefix) from None
         else:
             yield token
 

Tools/freeze/winmakemakefile.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def get_custom_entry_point(subsystem):
     try:
         return subsystem_details[subsystem][:2]
     except KeyError:
-        raise ValueError("The subsystem %s is not known" % subsystem)
+        raise ValueError("The subsystem %s is not known" % subsystem) from None
 
 
 def makemakefile(outfp, vars, files, target):