Document how to create a Clippy release

Author: flip1995

doc/release.md

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+# Release a new Clippy Version
+
+_NOTE: This document is probably only relevant to you, if you're a member of the
+Clippy team._
+
+Clippy is released together with stable Rust releases. The dates for these
+releases can be found at the [Rust Forge]. This document explains the necessary
+steps to create a Clippy release.
+
+1. [Find the Clippy commit](#find-the-clippy-commit)
+2. [Tag the stable commit](#tag-the-stable-commit)
+3. [Update `CHANGELOG.md`](#update-changelogmd)
+4. [Remerge the `beta` branch](#remerge-the-beta-branch)
+5. [Update the `beta` branch](#update-the-beta-branch)
+
+_NOTE: This document is for stable Rust releases, not for point releases. For
+point releases, step 1. and 2. should be enough._
+
+[Rust Forge]: https://forge.rust-lang.org/
+
+
+## Find the Clippy commit
+
+The first step is to tag the Clippy commit, that is included in the stable Rust
+release. This commit can be found in the Rust repository.
+
+```bash
+# Assuming the current directory corresponds to the Rust repository
+$ git fetch upstream    # `upstream` is the `rust-lang/rust` remote
+$ git checkout 1.XX.0   # XX should be exchanged with the corresponding version
+$ git submodule update
+$ SHA=$(git submodule status src/tools/clippy | awk '{print $1}')
+```
+
+
+## Tag the stable commit
+
+After finding the Clippy commit, it can be tagged with the release number.
+
+```bash
+# Assuming the current directory corresponds to the Clippy repository
+$ git checkout $SHA
+$ git tag rust-1.XX.0               # XX should be exchanged with the corresponding version
+$ git push upstream master --tags   # `upstream` is the `rust-lang/rust-clippy` remote
+```
+
+After this, the release should be available on the Clippy [release page].
+
+[release page]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/releases
+
+
+## Update `CHANGELOG.md`
+
+For this see the document on [how to update the changelog].
+
+[how to update the changelog]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/blob/master/doc/changelog_update.md
+
+
+## Remerge the `beta` branch
+
+This step is only necessary, if since the last release something was backported
+to the beta Rust release. The remerge is then necessary, to make sure that the
+Clippy commit, that was used by the now stable Rust release, persists in the
+tree of the Clippy repository.
+
+```bash
+# Assuming `HEAD` is the current `master` branch of rust-lang/rust-clippy
+$ git checkout -b backport_remerge
+$ git merge beta
+$ git diff  # This diff has to be empty, otherwise something with the remerge failed
+$ git push origin backport_remerge  # This can be pushed to your fork
+```
+
+After this, open a PR to the master branch. In this PR, the commit hash of the
+`HEAD` of the `beta` branch must exists. In addition to that, no files should
+be changed by this PR.
+
+
+## Update the `beta` branch
+
+This step must be done, **after** the PR of the previous step was merged.
+
+First, the Clippy commit of the `beta` branch of the Rust repository has to be
+determined.
+
+```bash
+# Assuming the current directory corresponds to the Rust repository
+$ git checkout beta
+$ git submodule update
+$ BETA_SHA=$(git submodule status src/tools/clippy | awk '{print $1}')
+```
+
+After finding the Clippy commit, the `beta` branch in the Clippy repository can
+be updated.
+
+```bash
+# Assuming the current directory corresponds to the Clippy repository
+$ git checkout beta
+$ git rebase $BETA_SHA
+$ git push upstream beta [-f]   # This requires a force push, if a remerge was done
+```