Rollup merge of rust-lang#76766 - khyperia:generic_intrinsics, r=eddyb

Extract some intrinsics out of rustc_codegen_llvm

A significant amount of intrinsics do not actually need backend-specific behaviors to be implemented, instead relying on methods already in rustc_codegen_ssa. So, extract those methods out to rustc_codegen_ssa, so that each backend doesn't need to reimplement the same code.

Almost everything should be a pretty direct translation. A notable not-direct-translation is `add_with_overflow` and friends being changed to `bx.checked_binop`, but it's pretty simple.

I could have been a lot more aggressive here and pulled out way more methods, and add a few new methods in the rustc_codegen_ssa "API". However, because this is my second rustc PR, I thought that moving those to a follow-up PR and doing more incremental changes here would be better (and I guess ask if this work is even desired in the first place). I'm hoping to eventually remove the mess of intrinsic handling in the backend entirely, which would be hecking fantastic ✨

Author: RalfJung