Auto merge of #123265 - joboet:guardians_of_the_unix, r=ChrisDenton

Refactor stack overflow handling

Currently, every platform must implement a `Guard` that protects a thread from stack overflow. However, UNIX is the only platform that actually does so. Windows has a different mechanism for detecting stack overflow, while the other platforms don't detect it at all. Also, the UNIX stack overflow handling is split between `sys::pal::unix::stack_overflow`, which implements the signal handler, and `sys::pal::unix::thread`, which detects/installs guard pages.

This PR cleans this by getting rid of `Guard` and unifying UNIX stack overflow handling inside `stack_overflow` (commit 1). Therefore we can get rid of `sys_common::thread_info`, which stores `Guard` and the current `Thread` handle and move the `thread::current` TLS variable into `thread` (commit 2).

The second commit is not strictly speaking necessary. To keep the implementation clean, I've included it here, but if it causes too much noise, I can split it out without any trouble.

Author: bors