---

yaml
---
r: 217053
b: refs/heads/stable
c: a96f09b
h: refs/heads/master
i:
  217051: 6d396c7
v: v3

Author: steveklabnik

[refs]

@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@ refs/heads/tmp: 378a370ff2057afeb1eae86eb6e78c476866a4a6
 refs/tags/1.0.0-alpha.2: 4c705f6bc559886632d3871b04f58aab093bfa2f
 refs/tags/homu-tmp: a5286998df566e736b32f6795bfc3803bdaf453d
 refs/tags/1.0.0-beta: 8cbb92b53468ee2b0c2d3eeb8567005953d40828
-refs/heads/stable: f6e5369e53f5444240aa983c6e6be6725932e399
+refs/heads/stable: a96f09bf52b169e1ddcb7edf4e7bdd257da3725d
 refs/tags/1.0.0: 55bd4f8ff2b323f317ae89e254ce87162d52a375

branches/stable/src/doc/reference.md

@@ -1346,6 +1346,8 @@ vtable when the trait is used as a [trait object](#trait-objects).
 Traits are implemented for specific types through separate
 [implementations](#implementations).
 
+Consider the following trait:
+
 ```
 # type Surface = i32;
 # type BoundingBox = i32;
@@ -1360,6 +1362,20 @@ This defines a trait with two methods. All values that have
 `draw` and `bounding_box` methods called, using `value.bounding_box()`
 [syntax](#method-call-expressions).
 
+Traits can include default implementations of methods, as in:
+
+```
+trait Foo {
+    fn bar(&self);
+
+    fn baz(&self) { println!("We called baz."); }
+}
+```
+
+Here the `baz` method has a default implementation, so types that implement
+`Foo` need only implement `bar`. It is also possible for implementing types
+to override a method that has a default implementation.
+
 Type parameters can be specified for a trait to make it generic. These appear
 after the trait name, using the same syntax used in [generic
 functions](#generic-functions).
@@ -1372,6 +1388,30 @@ trait Seq<T> {
 }
 ```
 
+It is also possible to define associated types for a trait. Consider the
+following example of a `Container` trait. Notice how the type is available
+for use in the method signatures:
+
+```
+trait Container {
+    type E;
+    fn empty() -> Self;
+    fn insert(&mut self, Self::E);
+}
+```
+
+In order for a type to implement this trait, it must not only provide
+implementations for every method, but it must specify the type `E`. Here's
+an implementation of `Container` for the standard library type `Vec`:
+
+```
+impl<T> Container for Vec<T> {
+    type E = T;
+    fn empty() -> Vec<T> { Vec::new() }
+    fn insert(&mut self, x: T) { self.push(x); }
+}
+```
+
 Generic functions may use traits as _bounds_ on their type parameters. This
 will have two effects: only types that have the trait may instantiate the
 parameter, and within the generic function, the methods of the trait can be
@@ -3470,13 +3510,21 @@ more of the closure traits:
 
 ### Trait objects
 
-Every trait item (see [traits](#traits)) defines a type with the same name as
-the trait. This type is called the _trait object_ of the trait. Trait objects
-permit "late binding" of methods, dispatched using _virtual method tables_
-("vtables"). Whereas most calls to trait methods are "early bound" (statically
-resolved) to specific implementations at compile time, a call to a method on an
-trait objects is only resolved to a vtable entry at compile time. The actual
-implementation for each vtable entry can vary on an object-by-object basis.
+In Rust, a type like `&SomeTrait` or `Box<SomeTrait>` is called a _trait object_.
+Each instance of a trait object includes:
+
+ - a pointer to an instance of a type `T` that implements `SomeTrait`
+ - a _virtual method table_, often just called a _vtable_, which contains, for
+   each method of `SomeTrait` that `T` implements, a pointer to `T`'s
+   implementation (i.e. a function pointer).
+
+The purpose of trait objects is to permit "late binding" of methods. A call to
+a method on a trait object is only resolved to a vtable entry at compile time.
+The actual implementation for each vtable entry can vary on an object-by-object
+basis.
+
+Note that for a trait object to be instantiated, the trait must be
+_object-safe_. Object safety rules are defined in [RFC 255][rfc255].
 
 Given a pointer-typed expression `E` of type `&T` or `Box<T>`, where `T`
 implements trait `R`, casting `E` to the corresponding pointer type `&R` or

branches/stable/src/doc/trpl/dining-philosophers.md

@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ which blocks execution until the thread has completed execution. This ensures
 that the threads complete their work before the program exits.
 
 If you run this program, you’ll see that the philosophers eat out of order!
-We have mult-threading!
+We have multi-threading!
 
 ```text
 Gilles Deleuze is eating.

branches/stable/src/libcollections/vec.rs

@@ -18,39 +18,41 @@
 //! You can explicitly create a `Vec<T>` with `new()`:
 //!
 //! ```
-//! let xs: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();
+//! let v: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();
 //! ```
 //!
 //! ...or by using the `vec!` macro:
 //!
 //! ```
-//! let ys: Vec<i32> = vec![];
+//! let v: Vec<i32> = vec![];
 //!
-//! let zs = vec![1i32, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+//! let v = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+//!
+//! let v = vec![0; 10]; // ten zeroes
 //! ```
 //!
 //! You can `push` values onto the end of a vector (which will grow the vector as needed):
 //!
 //! ```
-//! let mut xs = vec![1i32, 2];
+//! let mut v = vec![1, 2];
 //!
-//! xs.push(3);
+//! v.push(3);
 //! ```
 //!
 //! Popping values works in much the same way:
 //!
 //! ```
-//! let mut xs = vec![1i32, 2];
+//! let mut v = vec![1, 2];
 //!
-//! let two = xs.pop();
+//! let two = v.pop();
 //! ```
 //!
 //! Vectors also support indexing (through the `Index` and `IndexMut` traits):
 //!
 //! ```
-//! let mut xs = vec![1i32, 2, 3];
-//! let three = xs[2];
-//! xs[1] = xs[1] + 5;
+//! let mut v = vec![1, 2, 3];
+//! let three = v[2];
+//! v[1] = v[1] + 5;
 //! ```
 
 #![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]

branches/stable/src/libcore/macros.rs

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ macro_rules! try {
     })
 }
 
-/// Use the `format!` syntax to write data into a buffer of type `&mut Writer`.
+/// Use the `format!` syntax to write data into a buffer of type `&mut Write`.
 /// See `std::fmt` for more information.
 ///
 /// # Examples

branches/stable/src/librustc/diagnostics.rs

@@ -427,8 +427,8 @@ be taken.
 
 E0271: r##"
 This is because of a type mismatch between the associated type of some
-trait (e.g. T::Bar, where T implements trait Quux { type Bar; })
-and another type U that is required to be equal to T::Bar, but is not.
+trait (e.g. `T::Bar`, where `T` implements `trait Quux { type Bar; }`)
+and another type `U` that is required to be equal to `T::Bar`, but is not.
 Examples follow.
 
 Here is a basic example:

branches/stable/src/librustc/middle/infer/freshen.rs

@@ -129,11 +129,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeFolder<'tcx> for TypeFreshener<'a, 'tcx> {
                                                       .probe(v)
                                                       .map(|v| v.to_type(tcx)),
                     ty::FloatVar(v),
-                    ty::FreshIntTy)
+                    ty::FreshFloatTy)
             }
 
             ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshTy(c)) |
-            ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshIntTy(c)) => {
+            ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshIntTy(c)) |
+            ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshFloatTy(c)) => {
                 if c >= self.freshen_count {
                     tcx.sess.bug(
                         &format!("Encountered a freshend type with id {} \

branches/stable/src/librustc/middle/traits/select.rs

@@ -1773,7 +1773,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
             ty::ty_err => ok_if(Vec::new()),
 
             ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshTy(_))
-            | ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshIntTy(_)) => {
+            | ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshIntTy(_))
+            | ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshFloatTy(_)) => {
                 self.tcx().sess.bug(
                     &format!(
                         "asked to assemble builtin bounds of unexpected type: {}",
@@ -1835,7 +1836,8 @@ impl<'cx, 'tcx> SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx> {
             ty::ty_projection(..) |
             ty::ty_infer(ty::TyVar(_)) |
             ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshTy(_)) |
-            ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshIntTy(_)) => {
+            ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshIntTy(_)) |
+            ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshFloatTy(_)) => {
                 self.tcx().sess.bug(
                     &format!(
                         "asked to assemble constituent types of unexpected type: {}",

branches/stable/src/librustc/middle/ty.rs

@@ -1697,11 +1697,8 @@ pub enum InferTy {
     /// unbound type variable. This is convenient for caching etc. See
     /// `middle::infer::freshen` for more details.
     FreshTy(u32),
-
-    // FIXME -- once integral fallback is impl'd, we should remove
-    // this type. It's only needed to prevent spurious errors for
-    // integers whose type winds up never being constrained.
     FreshIntTy(u32),
+    FreshFloatTy(u32)
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug, Copy)]
@@ -1773,6 +1770,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for InferTy {
             FloatVar(ref v) => v.fmt(f),
             FreshTy(v) => write!(f, "FreshTy({:?})", v),
             FreshIntTy(v) => write!(f, "FreshIntTy({:?})", v),
+            FreshFloatTy(v) => write!(f, "FreshFloatTy({:?})", v)
         }
     }
 }
@@ -3775,7 +3773,7 @@ pub fn type_contents<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> TypeContents {
             }
 
             // Scalar and unique types are sendable, and durable
-            ty_infer(ty::FreshIntTy(_)) |
+            ty_infer(ty::FreshIntTy(_)) | ty_infer(ty::FreshFloatTy(_)) |
             ty_bool | ty_int(_) | ty_uint(_) | ty_float(_) |
             ty_bare_fn(..) | ty::ty_char => {
                 TC::None
@@ -4325,6 +4323,7 @@ pub fn type_is_fresh(ty: Ty) -> bool {
     match ty.sty {
       ty_infer(FreshTy(_)) => true,
       ty_infer(FreshIntTy(_)) => true,
+      ty_infer(FreshFloatTy(_)) => true,
       _ => false
     }
 }
@@ -5026,6 +5025,7 @@ pub fn ty_sort_string<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> String {
         ty_infer(FloatVar(_)) => "floating-point variable".to_string(),
         ty_infer(FreshTy(_)) => "skolemized type".to_string(),
         ty_infer(FreshIntTy(_)) => "skolemized integral type".to_string(),
+        ty_infer(FreshFloatTy(_)) => "skolemized floating-point type".to_string(),
         ty_projection(_) => "associated type".to_string(),
         ty_param(ref p) => {
             if p.space == subst::SelfSpace {

branches/stable/src/librustc/middle/ty_match.rs

@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> TypeRelation<'a, 'tcx> for Match<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         match (&a.sty, &b.sty) {
             (_, &ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshTy(_))) |
-            (_, &ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshIntTy(_))) => {
+            (_, &ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshIntTy(_))) |
+            (_, &ty::ty_infer(ty::FreshFloatTy(_))) => {
                 Ok(a)
             }
 

branches/stable/src/librustc/util/ppaux.rs

@@ -349,7 +349,8 @@ pub fn ty_to_string<'tcx>(cx: &ctxt<'tcx>, typ: &ty::TyS<'tcx>) -> String {
             ty::FloatVar(ref vid) if print_var_ids => vid.repr(cx),
             ty::TyVar(_) | ty::IntVar(_) | ty::FloatVar(_) => format!("_"),
             ty::FreshTy(v) => format!("FreshTy({})", v),
-            ty::FreshIntTy(v) => format!("FreshIntTy({})", v)
+            ty::FreshIntTy(v) => format!("FreshIntTy({})", v),
+            ty::FreshFloatTy(v) => format!("FreshFloatTy({})", v)
         }
     }
 

branches/stable/src/librustc_resolve/diagnostics.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Imports (`use` statements) are not allowed after non-item statements, such as
 variable declarations and expression statements.
 
 Here is an example that demonstrates the error:
+
 ```
 fn f() {
     // Variable declaration before import
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ The solution is to declare the imports at the top of the block, function, or
 file.
 
 Here is the previous example again, with the correct order:
+
 ```
 fn f() {
     use std::io::Read;
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ The name chosen for an external crate conflicts with another external crate that
 has been imported into the current module.
 
 Wrong example:
+
 ```
 extern crate a;
 extern crate crate_a as a;
@@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ The solution is to choose a different name that doesn't conflict with any
 external crate imported into the current module.
 
 Correct example:
+
 ```
 extern crate a;
 extern crate crate_a as other_name;
@@ -71,6 +75,7 @@ E0260: r##"
 The name for an item declaration conflicts with an external crate's name.
 
 For instance,
+
 ```
 extern crate abc;