[libc++][ci] Update the Windows toolchains to Clang 19 (llvm#129232)

This also fixes test failures in the clang-cl build configs that started
a couple days ago. It seems like the failures were triggered by an update
to the base image on the Github provided runners.

There were failures in test/libcxx/system_reserved_names.gen.py, due to
an issue in an Clang intrinsics header (avx512fp16intrin.h); this issue
was observed and fixed for Clang 19 in 6f04f46. The test does
    #define A SYSTEM_RESERVED_NAME
which clashes with a parameter with the name `A` in that header.

By upgrading the toolchain to Clang 19, we get fixed version of this
intrinsics header.

Also update the llvm-mingw toolchains to a version with Clang 19.1.7.

(cherry picked from commit e6a0ee3)

Author: mstorsjo

.github/workflows/libcxx-build-and-test.yaml

@@ -251,11 +251,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install a current LLVM
         if: ${{ matrix.mingw != true }}
         run: |
-          choco install -y llvm --version=18.1.6 --allow-downgrade
+          choco install -y llvm --version=19.1.7 --allow-downgrade
       - name: Install llvm-mingw
         if: ${{ matrix.mingw == true }}
         run: |
-          curl -LO https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw/releases/download/20240606/llvm-mingw-20240606-ucrt-x86_64.zip
+          curl -LO https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw/releases/download/20250114/llvm-mingw-20250114-ucrt-x86_64.zip
           powershell Expand-Archive llvm-mingw*.zip -DestinationPath .
           del llvm-mingw*.zip
           mv llvm-mingw* c:\llvm-mingw