[flang] Don't crash on bad inherited implied DO type (llvm#91073)

Fortran has an ambiguously defined rule about the typing of index
variables of implied DO loops in DATA statements and array constructors
that omit an explicit type specification. Such indices have the type
that they would have "if they were variables" in the innermost enclosing
scope. Although this could, and perhaps should, be read to mean that
implicit typing rules active in that innermost enclosing scope should be
applied, every other Fortran compiler interprets that language to mean
that if there is a type declaration for that name that is visible from
the enclosing scope, it is applied, and it is an error if that type is
not integer.

Fixes llvm#91053.

Author: klausler

flang/docs/Extensions.md

@@ -107,12 +107,6 @@ end
   These definitions yield fairly poor results due to floating-point
   cancellation, and every Fortran compiler (including this one)
   uses better algorithms.
-* When an index variable of a `FORALL` or `DO CONCURRENT` is present
-  in the enclosing scope, and the construct does not have an explicit
-  type specification for its index variables, some weird restrictions
-  in F'2023 subclause 19.4 paragraphs 6 & 8 should apply.  Since this
-  compiler properly scopes these names, violations of these restrictions
-  elicit only portability warnings by default.
 * The rules for pairwise distinguishing the specific procedures of a
   generic interface are inadequate, as admitted in note C.11.6 of F'2023.
   Generic interfaces whose specific procedures can be easily proven by
@@ -728,6 +722,23 @@ end
   array and structure constructors not to be finalized, so it also makes sense
   not to finalize their allocatable components when releasing their storage).
 
+* F'2023 19.4 paragraph 5: "If integer-type-spec appears in data-implied-do or
+  ac-implied-do-control it has the specified type and type parameters; otherwise
+  it has the type and type parameters that it would have if it were the name of
+  a variable in the innermost executable construct or scoping unit that includes
+  the DATA statement or array constructor, and this type shall be integer type."
+  Reading "would have if it were" as being the subjunctive, this would mean that
+  an untyped implied DO index variable should be implicitly typed according to
+  the rules active in the enclosing scope.  But all other Fortran compilers interpret
+  the "would have if it were" as meaning "has if it is" -- i.e., if the name
+  is visible in the enclosing scope, the type of that name is used as the
+  type of the implied DO index.  So this is an error, not a simple application
+  of the default implicit typing rule:
+```
+character j
+print *, [(j,j=1,10)]
+```
+
 ## De Facto Standard Features
 
 * `EXTENDS_TYPE_OF()` returns `.TRUE.` if both of its arguments have the

flang/lib/Evaluate/formatting.cpp

@@ -539,10 +539,10 @@ std::string DynamicType::AsFortran() const {
       result += length->AsFortran();
     }
     return result + ')';
-  } else if (IsUnlimitedPolymorphic()) {
-    return "CLASS(*)";
   } else if (IsAssumedType()) {
     return "TYPE(*)";
+  } else if (IsUnlimitedPolymorphic()) {
+    return "CLASS(*)";
   } else if (IsTypelessIntrinsicArgument()) {
     return "(typeless intrinsic function argument)";
   } else {

flang/lib/Semantics/expression.cpp

@@ -1805,10 +1805,13 @@ void ArrayConstructorContext::Add(const parser::AcImpliedDo &impliedDo) {
   const auto &bounds{std::get<parser::AcImpliedDoControl::Bounds>(control.t)};
   exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(bounds.name);
   parser::CharBlock name{bounds.name.thing.thing.source};
-  const Symbol *symbol{bounds.name.thing.thing.symbol};
   int kind{ImpliedDoIntType::kind};
-  if (const auto dynamicType{DynamicType::From(symbol)}) {
-    kind = dynamicType->kind();
+  if (const Symbol * symbol{bounds.name.thing.thing.symbol}) {
+    if (auto dynamicType{DynamicType::From(symbol)}) {
+      if (dynamicType->category() == TypeCategory::Integer) {
+        kind = dynamicType->kind();
+      }
+    }
   }
   std::optional<Expr<ImpliedDoIntType>> lower{
       GetSpecificIntExpr<ImpliedDoIntType::kind>(bounds.lower)};

flang/lib/Semantics/resolve-names.cpp

@@ -6555,6 +6555,7 @@ Symbol *DeclarationVisitor::DeclareStatementEntity(
       return nullptr;
     }
     name.symbol = nullptr;
+    // F'2023 19.4 p5 ambiguous rule about outer declarations
     declTypeSpec = prev->GetType();
   }
   Symbol &symbol{DeclareEntity<ObjectEntityDetails>(name, {})};
@@ -6573,9 +6574,7 @@ Symbol *DeclarationVisitor::DeclareStatementEntity(
   } else {
     ApplyImplicitRules(symbol);
   }
-  Symbol *result{Resolve(name, &symbol)};
-  AnalyzeExpr(context(), doVar); // enforce INTEGER type
-  return result;
+  return Resolve(name, &symbol);
 }
 
 // Set the type of an entity or report an error.

flang/test/Semantics/array-constr-index01.f90

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+!RUN: %python %S/test_errors.py %s %flang_fc1
+subroutine s(i)
+  type(*) :: i
+  !ERROR: TYPE(*) dummy argument may only be used as an actual argument
+  !ERROR: Assumed-type entity 'i' must be a dummy argument
+  !ERROR: Must have INTEGER type, but is TYPE(*)
+  print *, [(i, i = 1,1)]
+end