[AutoDiff] Add negative test for SR-12641. (#31207)

Add negative test exposing SR-12641: SILGen verification error regarding
reabstraction thunking for `@differentiable` functions.

Author: dan-zheng

test/AutoDiff/compiler_crashers/sr12641-silgen-immutable-address-use-verification-failure.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// RUN: not --crash %target-swift-frontend -emit-sil -verify %s
+// REQUIRES: asserts
+
+// SR-12641: SILGen verification error regarding `ImmutableAddressUseVerifier` and AutoDiff-generated code.
+
+import _Differentiation
+import DifferentiationUnittest
+
+class Class: Differentiable {
+  var x: Tracked<Float>
+  init(_ x: Tracked<Float>) {
+    self.x = x
+  }
+}
+
+func getter(_ c: Class) -> Tracked<Float> {
+  return c.x
+}
+_ = gradient(at: Class(10), in: getter)
+
+// Assertion failed: (conv.isIndirectConvention() && "Expect an indirect convention"), function isConsumingOrMutatingArgumentConvention, file swift/lib/SIL/Verifier/SILVerifier.cpp, line 453.
+// Stack dump:
+// ...
+// 1.	Swift version 5.3-dev (LLVM ca0260ddec, Swift b17e1b23fe)
+// 2.	While evaluating request SILGenWholeModuleRequest(SIL Generation for module main)
+// 3.	While verifying SIL function "@$s4main5ClassC13TangentVectorV23DifferentiationUnittest7TrackedVySfGIeggr_AeIIegnr_TR".
+//  for <<debugloc at "<compiler-generated>":0:0>>0  swift                    0x000000010d6b4138 llvm::sys::PrintStackTrace(llvm::raw_ostream&) + 40
+// 1  swift                    0x000000010d6b30b8 llvm::sys::RunSignalHandlers() + 248
+// 2  swift                    0x000000010d6b472d SignalHandler(int) + 285
+// 3  libsystem_platform.dylib 0x00007fff718335fd _sigtramp + 29
+// 4  libsystem_platform.dylib 000000000000000000 _sigtramp + 18446603338611739168
+// 5  libsystem_c.dylib        0x00007fff71709808 abort + 120
+// 6  libsystem_c.dylib        0x00007fff71708ac6 err + 0
+// 7  swift                    0x000000010da31c23 (anonymous namespace)::ImmutableAddressUseVerifier::isConsumingOrMutatingApplyUse(swift::Operand*) (.cold.4) + 35
+// 8  swift                    0x0000000109c74d11 (anonymous namespace)::ImmutableAddressUseVerifier::isConsumingOrMutatingApplyUse(swift::Operand*) + 289
+// 9  swift                    0x0000000109c73c1d (anonymous namespace)::ImmutableAddressUseVerifier::isMutatingOrConsuming(swift::SILValue) + 157
+// 10 swift                    0x0000000109c5cea9 (anonymous namespace)::SILVerifier::visitSILBasicBlock(swift::SILBasicBlock*) + 1161