[Dynamic Casting] Allow casts to "more optional" types

Generally, casting consistency demands that we be able
to extract anything from an existential that can be put
into that existential.  (Which is why the casting spec
requires that casting permit arbitrary injection and
projection of optionals.)

This particular diagnostic prevented optionals from being
projected back out of existentials:
   let i: Int?
   let a: Any = i  // Inject Int? into Any
   // Error prevents projecting Int? back out of Any
   a as? Int?

This also broke certain uses of Mirror (weak variables get reflected as
optionals stored in Any existentials).

Author: tbkka

include/swift/AST/DiagnosticsSema.def

@@ -1038,9 +1038,6 @@ WARNING(downcast_to_unrelated,none,
         "cast from %0 to unrelated type %1 always fails", (Type, Type))
 NOTE(downcast_to_unrelated_fixit,none,
      "did you mean to call %0 with '()'?", (Identifier))
-ERROR(downcast_to_more_optional,none,
-      "cannot downcast from %0 to a more optional type %1",
-      (Type, Type))
 ERROR(optional_chain_noop,none,
       "optional chain has no effect, expression already produces %0",
       (Type))

lib/Sema/CSApply.cpp

@@ -3810,17 +3810,14 @@ namespace {
       };
 
       // There's nothing special to do if the operand isn't optional
-      // and we don't need any bridging.
-      if (srcOptionals.empty()) {
+      // (or is insufficiently optional) and we don't need any bridging.
+      if (srcOptionals.empty()
+          || (srcOptionals.size() < destOptionals.size() - destExtraOptionals)) {
         Expr *result = buildInnerOperation(subExpr, finalResultType);
         if (!result) return nullptr;
         return addFinalOptionalInjections(result);
       }
 
-      // The result type (without the final optional) is a subtype of
-      // the operand type, so it will never have a higher depth.
-      assert(destOptionals.size() - destExtraOptionals <= srcOptionals.size());
-
       // The outermost N levels of optionals on the operand must all
       // be present or the cast fails.  The innermost M levels of
       // optionals on the operand are reflected in the requested

lib/Sema/TypeCheckConstraints.cpp

@@ -3126,21 +3126,14 @@ CheckedCastKind TypeChecker::typeCheckCheckedCast(Type fromType,
     return CheckedCastKind::ValueCast;
   };
 
-  // Strip optional wrappers off of the destination type in sync with
-  // stripping them off the origin type.
+  // TODO: Explore optionals using the same strategy used by the
+  // runtime.
+  // For now, if the target is more optional than the source,
+  // just defer it out for the runtime to handle.
   while (auto toValueType = toType->getOptionalObjectType()) {
-    // Complain if we're trying to increase optionality, e.g.
-    // casting an NSObject? to an NSString??.  That's not a subtype
-    // relationship.
     auto fromValueType = fromType->getOptionalObjectType();
     if (!fromValueType) {
-      if (!suppressDiagnostics) {
-        diags.diagnose(diagLoc, diag::downcast_to_more_optional,
-                       origFromType, origToType)
-          .highlight(diagFromRange)
-          .highlight(diagToRange);
-      }
-      return CheckedCastKind::Unresolved;
+      return CheckedCastKind::ValueCast;
     }
 
     toType = toValueType;

test/Constraints/casts.swift

@@ -252,11 +252,11 @@ func test_coercions_with_overloaded_operator(str: String, optStr: String?, veryO
 
   _ = (str ?? "") as Int // expected-error {{cannot convert value of type 'String' to type 'Int' in coercion}}
   _ = (optStr ?? "") as Int // expected-error {{cannot convert value of type 'String' to type 'Int' in coercion}}
-  _ = (optStr ?? "") as Int? // expected-error {{cannot convert value of type 'String' to type 'Int?' in coercion}}
+  _ = (optStr ?? "") as Int? // expected-error {{'String' is not convertible to 'Int?'; did you mean to use 'as!' to force downcast?}}
 
   _ = (str ^^^ "") as Int // expected-error {{cannot convert value of type 'String' to type 'Int' in coercion}}
   _ = (optStr ^^^ "") as Int // expected-error {{cannot convert value of type 'String' to type 'Int' in coercion}}
-  _ = (optStr ^^^ "") as Int? // expected-error {{cannot convert value of type 'String' to type 'Int?' in coercion}}
+  _ = (optStr ^^^ "") as Int? // expected-error {{'String' is not convertible to 'Int?'; did you mean to use 'as!' to force downcast?}}
 
   _ = ([] ?? []) as String // expected-error {{cannot convert value of type '[Any]' to type 'String' in coercion}}
   _ = ([""] ?? []) as [Int: Int] // expected-error {{cannot convert value of type '[String]' to type '[Int : Int]' in coercion}}
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ func test_compatibility_coercions(_ arr: [Int], _ optArr: [Int]?, _ dict: [Strin
   // expected-note@-1 {{arguments to generic parameter 'Element' ('Int' and 'String') are expected to be equal}}
   _ = dict as [String: String] // expected-error {{cannot convert value of type '[String : Int]' to type '[String : String]' in coercion}}
   // expected-note@-1 {{arguments to generic parameter 'Value' ('Int' and 'String') are expected to be equal}}
-  _ = dict as [String: String]? // expected-error {{cannot convert value of type '[String : Int]' to type '[String : String]?' in coercion}}
+  _ = dict as [String: String]? // expected-error {{'[String : Int]' is not convertible to '[String : String]?'; did you mean to use 'as!' to force downcast?}}
   _ = (dict as [String: Int]?) as [String: Int] // expected-error {{value of optional type '[String : Int]?' must be unwrapped to a value of type '[String : Int]'}}
   // expected-note@-1 {{coalesce using '??' to provide a default when the optional value contains 'nil'}}
   // expected-note@-2 {{force-unwrap using '!' to abort execution if the optional value contains 'nil'}}

test/Constraints/optional.swift

@@ -64,15 +64,17 @@ func test5() -> Int? {
 }
 
 func test6<T>(_ x : T) {
-  // FIXME: this code should work; T could be Int? or Int??
-  // or something like that at runtime.  rdar://16374053
-  _ = x as? Int? // expected-error {{cannot downcast from 'T' to a more optional type 'Int?'}}
+  _ = x as? Int? // Okay.  We know nothing about T, so cannot judge.
 }
 
 class B : A { }
 
 func test7(_ x : A) {
-  _ = x as? B? // expected-error{{cannot downcast from 'A' to a more optional type 'B?'}}
+  _ = x as? B? // Okay: Injecting into an Optional
+}
+
+func test7a(_ x : B) {
+  _ = x as? A // expected-warning{{conditional cast from 'B' to 'A' always succeeds}}
 }
 
 func test8(_ x : AnyObject?) {

test/expr/cast/as_coerce.swift

@@ -68,14 +68,16 @@ class C5 {}
 
 var c: AnyObject = C3()
 
-if let castX = c as! C4? {} // expected-error {{cannot downcast from 'AnyObject' to a more optional type 'C4?'}}
+// XXX TODO: Constant-folding should generate an error about 'C3' not being convertible to 'C4'
+//if let castX = c as! C4? {}
 
-// Only suggest replacing 'as' with 'as!' if it would fix the error.
+// XXX TODO: Only suggest replacing 'as' with 'as!' if it would fix the error.
 C3() as C4 // expected-error {{'C3' is not convertible to 'C4'; did you mean to use 'as!' to force downcast?}} {{6-8=as!}}
 C3() as C5 // expected-error {{cannot convert value of type 'C3' to type 'C5' in coercion}}
 
 // Diagnostic shouldn't include @lvalue in type of c3.
 var c3 = C3()
+// XXX TODO: This should not suggest `as!`
 c3 as C4 // expected-error {{'C3' is not convertible to 'C4'; did you mean to use 'as!' to force downcast?}} {{4-6=as!}}
 
 // <rdar://problem/19495142> Various incorrect diagnostics for explicit type conversions