[Name lookup] Enable shadowing for type lookup and of the Swift module.

Tweak the shadowing rules in two ways:

1) For unqualified type lookup, apply shadowing rules. Without this, we
would always get an ambiguity if there were two types with the same name,
so this should be a strict improvement.
2) Allow a name introduced in any other module to shadow a name in the
Swift standard library. This is (another) weak form of a more sensible,
generalized rule that would use the import graph to describe shadowing.

Together, these tweaks allow the Result type that was recently introduced in
the standard library to exist without breaking source compatibility for
Swift code that is already using a Result type. The user Result type will
shadow (hide) the Swift one. The latter can be spelled Swift.Result if it
is needed by such code.

Fixes rdar://problem/46767892.

Author: DougGregor

lib/AST/NameLookup.cpp

@@ -249,6 +249,24 @@ static void recordShadowedDeclsAfterSignatureMatch(
         break;
       }
 
+      // Prefer declarations in the any module over those in the standard
+      // library module.
+      if (auto swiftModule = ctx.getStdlibModule()) {
+        if ((firstModule == swiftModule) != (secondModule == swiftModule)) {
+          // If the second module is the standard library module, the second
+          // declaration is shadowed by the first.
+          if (secondModule == swiftModule) {
+            shadowed.insert(secondDecl);
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          // Otherwise, the first declaration is shadowed by the second. There is
+          // no point in continuing to compare the first declaration to others.
+          shadowed.insert(firstDecl);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
       // Prefer declarations in an overlay to similar declarations in
       // the Clang module it customizes.
       if (firstDecl->hasClangNode() != secondDecl->hasClangNode()) {
@@ -331,26 +349,30 @@ static void recordShadowedDecls(ArrayRef<ValueDecl *> decls,
       }
     }
 
-    // We need an interface type here.
-    if (typeResolver)
-      typeResolver->resolveDeclSignature(decl);
+    CanType signature;
 
-    // If the decl is currently being validated, this is likely a recursive
-    // reference and we'll want to skip ahead so as to avoid having its type
-    // attempt to desugar itself.
-    if (!decl->hasValidSignature())
-      continue;
+    if (!isa<TypeDecl>(decl)) {
+      // We need an interface type here.
+      if (typeResolver)
+        typeResolver->resolveDeclSignature(decl);
 
-    // FIXME: the canonical type makes a poor signature, because we don't
-    // canonicalize away default arguments.
-    auto signature = decl->getInterfaceType()->getCanonicalType();
+      // If the decl is currently being validated, this is likely a recursive
+      // reference and we'll want to skip ahead so as to avoid having its type
+      // attempt to desugar itself.
+      if (!decl->hasValidSignature())
+        continue;
 
-    // FIXME: The type of a variable or subscript doesn't include
-    // enough context to distinguish entities from different
-    // constrained extensions, so use the overload signature's
-    // type. This is layering a partial fix upon a total hack.
-    if (auto asd = dyn_cast<AbstractStorageDecl>(decl))
-      signature = asd->getOverloadSignatureType();
+      // FIXME: the canonical type makes a poor signature, because we don't
+      // canonicalize away default arguments.
+      signature = decl->getInterfaceType()->getCanonicalType();
+
+      // FIXME: The type of a variable or subscript doesn't include
+      // enough context to distinguish entities from different
+      // constrained extensions, so use the overload signature's
+      // type. This is layering a partial fix upon a total hack.
+      if (auto asd = dyn_cast<AbstractStorageDecl>(decl))
+        signature = asd->getOverloadSignatureType();
+    }
 
     // Record this declaration based on its signature.
     auto &known = collisions[signature];
@@ -1169,6 +1191,11 @@ UnqualifiedLookup::UnqualifiedLookup(DeclName Name, DeclContext *DC,
   lookupInModule(&M, {}, Name, CurModuleResults, NLKind::UnqualifiedLookup,
                  resolutionKind, TypeResolver, DC, extraImports);
 
+  // Always perform name shadowing for type lookup.
+  if (options.contains(Flags::TypeLookup)) {
+    removeShadowedDecls(CurModuleResults, &M);
+  }
+
   for (auto VD : CurModuleResults)
     Results.push_back(LookupResultEntry(VD));
 

test/NameBinding/Inputs/HasResult.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+public enum Result<Value, Error> {
+case success(Value)
+case failure(Error)
+}

test/NameBinding/stdlib_shadowing.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// RUN: %empty-directory(%t)
+// RUN: %target-swift-frontend -emit-module -o %t %S/Inputs/HasResult.swift
+// RUN: %target-swift-frontend -typecheck %s -I %t -verify
+
+import HasResult
+
+func foo() -> Result<Int, Error> {
+  return Result<Int, Error>.success(42)
+}