[stdlib] Revise documentation comments

- Clarify RawValue requirement for OptionSet
- Make Bool counterexample more clearly an error
- Add clarifying note about unsafe arithmetic methods
- Add/refine complexity docs for sequence/collection
- Remove docs from obsoleted symbols
- Standardize on unicode.org for links about Unicode
- More complexity annotations
- Expand dictionary defaulted subscript docs
- Fix error in Dictionary.init(minimumCapacity:) docs
- Improve accuracy of prime number listing

Author: natecook1000

stdlib/public/core/Bool.swift

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 ///         print(i)
 ///         i -= 1
 ///     }
+///     // error: 'Int' is not convertible to 'Bool'
 ///
 /// The correct approach in Swift is to compare the `i` value with zero in the
 /// `while` statement.

stdlib/public/core/Dictionary.swift

@@ -294,15 +294,15 @@ import SwiftShims
 /// dictionary called `interestingNumbers` with string keys and values that
 /// are integer arrays, then sorts each array in-place in descending order.
 ///
-///     var interestingNumbers = ["primes": [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15],
+///     var interestingNumbers = ["primes": [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17],
 ///                               "triangular": [1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28],
 ///                               "hexagonal": [1, 6, 15, 28, 45, 66, 91]]
 ///     for key in interestingNumbers.keys {
 ///         interestingNumbers[key]?.sort(by: >)
 ///     }
 ///
 ///     print(interestingNumbers["primes"]!)
-///     // Prints "[15, 13, 11, 7, 5, 3, 2]"
+///     // Prints "[17, 13, 11, 7, 5, 3, 2]"
 ///
 /// Iterating Over the Contents of a Dictionary
 /// ===========================================
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ public struct Dictionary<Key: Hashable, Value> {
   ///
   /// - Parameter minimumCapacity: The minimum number of key-value pairs that
   ///   the newly created dictionary should be able to store without
-  //    reallocating its storage buffer.
+  ///   reallocating its storage buffer.
   @inlinable // FIXME(sil-serialize-all)
   public init(minimumCapacity: Int) {
     _variantBuffer = .native(_NativeBuffer(minimumCapacity: minimumCapacity))
@@ -805,8 +805,56 @@ extension Dictionary: ExpressibleByDictionaryLiteral {
 }
 
 extension Dictionary {
-  /// Accesses the element with the given key, or the specified default value,
-  /// if the dictionary doesn't contain the given key.
+  /// Accesses the value with the given key. If the dictionary doesn't contain
+  /// the given key, accesses the provided default value as if the key and
+  /// default value existed in the dictionary.
+  ///
+  /// Use this subscript when you want either the value for a particular key
+  /// or, when that key is not present in the dictionary, a default value. This
+  /// example uses the subscript with a message to use in case an HTTP response
+  /// code isn't recognized:
+  ///
+  ///     var responseMessages = [200: "OK",
+  ///                             403: "Access forbidden",
+  ///                             404: "File not found",
+  ///                             500: "Internal server error"]
+  ///
+  ///     let httpResponseCodes = [200, 403, 301]
+  ///     for code in httpResponseCodes {
+  ///         let message = responseMessages[code, default: "Unknown response"]
+  ///         print("Response \(code): \(message)")
+  ///     }
+  ///     // Prints "Response 200: OK"
+  ///     // Prints "Response 403: Access Forbidden"
+  ///     // Prints "Response 301: Unknown response"
+  ///
+  /// When a dictionary's `Value` type has value semantics, you can use this
+  /// subscript to perform in-place operations on values in the dictionary.
+  /// The following example uses this subscript while counting the occurences
+  /// of each letter in a string:
+  ///
+  ///     let message = "Hello, Elle!"
+  ///     var letterCounts: [Character: Int] = [:]
+  ///     for letter in message {
+  ///         letterCounts[letter, defaultValue: 0] += 1
+  ///     }
+  ///     // letterCounts == ["H": 1, "e": 2, "l": 4, "o": 1, ...]
+  ///
+  /// When `letterCounts[letter, defaultValue: 0] += 1` is executed with a
+  /// value of `letter` that isn't already a key in `letterCounts`, the
+  /// specified default value (`0`) is returned from the subscript,
+  /// incremented, and then added to the dictionary under that key.
+  ///
+  /// - Note: Do not use this subscript to modify dictionary values if the
+  ///   dictionary's `Value` type is a class. In that case, the default value
+  ///   and key are not written back to the dictionary after an operation.
+  ///
+  /// - Parameters:
+  ///   - key: The key the look up in the dictionary.
+  ///   - defaultValue: The default value to use if `key` doesn't exist in the
+  ///     dictionary.
+  /// - Returns: The value associated with `key` in the dictionary`; otherwise,
+  ///   `defaultValue`.
   @inlinable // FIXME(sil-serialize-all)
   public subscript(
     key: Key, default defaultValue: @autoclosure () -> Value

stdlib/public/core/Equatable.swift

@@ -29,15 +29,15 @@
 /// example shows how the `contains(_:)` method can be used with an array of
 /// strings.
 ///
-///     let students = ["Nora", "Fern", "Ryan", "Rainer"]
+///     let students = ["Kofi", "Abena", "Efua", "Kweku", "Akosua"]
 ///
-///     let nameToCheck = "Ryan"
+///     let nameToCheck = "Kofi"
 ///     if students.contains(nameToCheck) {
 ///         print("\(nameToCheck) is signed up!")
 ///     } else {
 ///         print("No record of \(nameToCheck).")
 ///     }
-///     // Prints "Ryan is signed up!"
+///     // Prints "Kofi is signed up!"
 ///
 /// Conforming to the Equatable Protocol
 /// ====================================

stdlib/public/core/InputStream.swift

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import SwiftShims
 /// Unicode [replacement characters][rc].
 ///
 /// [rc]:
-/// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character
+/// https://unicode.org/glossary/#replacement_character
 ///
 /// - Parameter strippingNewline: If `true`, newline characters and character
 ///   combinations are stripped from the result; otherwise, newline characters

stdlib/public/core/Integers.swift.gyb

@@ -977,6 +977,10 @@ def unsafeOperationComment(operator):
   /// In debug builds (`-Onone`) a runtime error is still triggered if the
   /// operation overflows.
   ///
+  /// This method is not a synonym for the masking addition operator (`&+`).
+  /// Use that operator instead of this method when you want to discard any
+  /// overflow that results from an addition operation.
+  ///
   /// - Parameter rhs: The value to add to this value.
   /// - Returns: The sum of this value and `rhs`.
 """,
@@ -993,6 +997,10 @@ def unsafeOperationComment(operator):
   /// In debug builds (`-Onone`) a runtime error is still triggered if the
   /// operation overflows.
   ///
+  /// This method is not a synonym for the masking subtraction operator (`&-`).
+  /// Use that operator instead of this method when you want to discard any
+  /// overflow that results from a subtraction operation.
+  ///
   /// - Parameter rhs: The value to subtract from this value.
   /// - Returns: The result of subtracting `rhs` from this value.
 """,
@@ -1009,6 +1017,10 @@ def unsafeOperationComment(operator):
   /// In debug builds (`-Onone`) a runtime error is still triggered if the
   /// operation overflows.
   ///
+  /// This method is not a synonym for the masking multiplication operator
+  /// (`&*`). Use that operator instead of this method when you want to discard
+  /// any overflow that results from an addition operation.
+  ///
   /// - Parameter rhs: The value to multiply by this value.
   /// - Returns: The product of this value and `rhs`.
 """,
@@ -2417,22 +2429,6 @@ ${assignmentOperatorComment(x.operator, False)}
 
 extension FixedWidthInteger {
   /// The empty bitset.
-  ///
-  /// The `allZeros` static property is the [identity element][] for bitwise OR
-  /// and XOR operations and the [fixed point][] for bitwise AND operations.
-  /// For example:
-  ///
-  ///     let x: UInt8 = 5        // 0b00000101
-  ///
-  ///     // Identity
-  ///     x | .allZeros           // 0b00000101
-  ///     x ^ .allZeros           // 0b00000101
-  ///
-  ///     // Fixed point
-  ///     x & .allZeros           // 0b00000000
-  ///
-  /// [identity element]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_element
-  /// [fixed point]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_point_(mathematics)
   @inlinable // FIXME(sil-serialize-all)
   @available(swift, deprecated: 3.1, obsoleted: 4.0, message: "Use 0")
   public static var allZeros: Self { return 0 }

stdlib/public/core/OptionSet.swift

@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@
 /// requires no extra work on your part.
 ///
 /// When creating an option set, include a `rawValue` property in your type
-/// declaration. The `rawValue` property must be of a type that conforms to
-/// the `FixedWidthInteger` protocol, such as `Int` or `UInt8`. Next, create
-/// unique options as static properties of your custom type using unique
-/// powers of two (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and so forth) for each individual
+/// declaration. For your type to automatically receive default implementations
+/// for set-related operations, the `rawValue` property must be of a type that
+/// conforms to the `FixedWidthInteger` protocol, such as `Int` or `UInt8`.
+/// Next, create unique options as static properties of your custom type using
+/// unique powers of two (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and so forth) for each individual
 /// property's raw value so that each property can be represented by a single
 /// bit of the type's raw value.
 ///

stdlib/public/core/Policy.swift

@@ -454,22 +454,6 @@ public protocol _BitwiseOperations {
   static prefix func ~ (x: Self) -> Self
 
   /// The empty bitset.
-  ///
-  /// The `allZeros` static property is the [identity element][] for bitwise OR
-  /// and XOR operations and the [fixed point][] for bitwise AND operations.
-  /// For example:
-  ///
-  ///     let x: UInt8 = 5        // 0b00000101
-  ///
-  ///     // Identity
-  ///     x | .allZeros           // 0b00000101
-  ///     x ^ .allZeros           // 0b00000101
-  ///
-  ///     // Fixed point
-  ///     x & .allZeros           // 0b00000000
-  ///
-  /// [identity element]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_element
-  /// [fixed point]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed_point_(mathematics)
   @available(swift, deprecated: 3.1, obsoleted: 4.0, message: "Use 0 or init() of a type conforming to FixedWidthInteger")
   static var allZeros: Self { get }
 }