Add test case for SR-9583

https://bugs.swift.org/browse/SR-9583 / rdar://problem/47097468

Author: slavapestov

validation-test/compiler_crashers_2_fixed/0199-sr9583.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// RUN: %target-swift-frontend -emit-ir -primary-file %s %S/Inputs/sr9583-other.swift -module-name foo
+
+protocol P {
+    associatedtype A
+    typealias T = S1<Self>
+}
+
+struct S1<G: P>: Sequence, IteratorProtocol {
+    mutating func next() -> G.A? {
+        return nil
+    }
+}
+
+func f(_: LazyFilterSequence<S3.T>) { }

validation-test/compiler_crashers_2_fixed/Inputs/sr9583-other.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+struct S2 {
+    let v: Int
+}
+
+struct S3: P {
+    typealias A = S2
+}