[Sema] Penalize conversions to Any.

We previously penalized bindings to Any, and that resulted in
inappropriately rejecting solutions where we bind a decl that is
explicitly typed Any. That penalty was removed in
170dc8a, but that has led to a variety
of source compatibility issues.

So now, we'll reintroduce a penalty for Any-typed things, but instead of
penalizing bindings (which happen both because of explicitly-typed
values in the source, and implicitly due to attempting various types for
a particular type variable), penalize casts, which are always present in
some form in the source.

Thanks go to John for the suggestion.

Fixes
  SR-3817 (aka rdar://problem/30311052)
  SR-3786 (aka rdar://problem/30268529)
  rdar://problem/29907555

(cherry picked from commit 00cc260)

Author: rudkx

lib/Sema/CSRanking.cpp

@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ void ConstraintSystem::increaseScore(ScoreKind kind, unsigned value) {
     case SK_ScalarPointerConversion:
       log << "scalar-to-pointer conversion";
       break;
+    case SK_EmptyExistentialConversion:
+      log << "empty-existential conversion";
+      break;
     }
     log << ")\n";
   }

lib/Sema/CSSimplify.cpp

@@ -2000,6 +2000,11 @@ ConstraintSystem::matchTypes(Type type1, Type type2, ConstraintKind kind,
   if (concrete && type2->isExistentialType() &&
       !type1->is<LValueType>() &&
       kind >= ConstraintKind::Subtype) {
+
+    // Penalize conversions to Any.
+    if (kind >= ConstraintKind::Conversion && type2->isAny())
+      increaseScore(ScoreKind::SK_EmptyExistentialConversion);
+
     conversionsOrFixes.push_back(ConversionRestrictionKind::Existential);
   }
 

lib/Sema/ConstraintSystem.h

@@ -406,8 +406,10 @@ enum ScoreKind {
   SK_ScalarPointerConversion,
   /// A conversion from an array to a pointer of matching element type.
   SK_ArrayPointerConversion,
+  /// A conversion to an empty existential type ('Any' or '{}').
+  SK_EmptyExistentialConversion,
 
-  SK_LastScoreKind = SK_ArrayPointerConversion,
+  SK_LastScoreKind = SK_EmptyExistentialConversion,
 };
 
 /// The number of score kinds.

test/Constraints/array_literal.swift

@@ -227,3 +227,10 @@ let router = Company(
     }
   ]
 )
+
+// Infer [[Int]] for SR3786aa.
+// FIXME: As noted in SR-3786, this was the behavior in Swift 3, but
+//        it seems like the wrong choice and is less by design than by
+//        accident.
+let SR3786a: [Int] = [1, 2, 3]
+let SR3786aa = [SR3786a.reversed(), SR3786a]

test/Constraints/diag_ambiguities.swift

@@ -36,13 +36,9 @@ func rdar29691909(o: AnyObject) -> Any? {
   return rdar29691909_callee(o) // expected-error{{ambiguous use of 'rdar29691909_callee'}}
 }
 
-// FIXME: The fix for this broke other things. We want to get this
-// test case running again, though.
-// Ensure that we decay Any! to Any? rather than allowing Any!-to-Any
-// conversion directly and ending up with an ambiguity here.
-//func rdar29907555(_ value: Any!) -> String {
-//  return "\(value)" // no error
-//}
+func rdar29907555(_ value: Any!) -> String {
+  return "\(value)" // no error
+}
 
 struct SR3715 {
   var overloaded: Int!

test/Constraints/overload.swift

@@ -186,3 +186,12 @@ func overloadedMethod<T>() {}
 
 overloadedMethod()
 // expected-error@-1 {{missing argument for parameter 'n' in call}}
+
+// Ensure we select the overload of '??' returning T? rather than T.
+func SR3817(_ d: [String : Any], _ s: String, _ t: String) -> Any {
+  if let r = d[s] ?? d[t] {
+    return r
+  } else {
+    return 0
+  }
+}