feature #39802 [Security] Extract password hashing from security-core - with proper wording (chalasr)

This PR was merged into the 5.3-dev branch.

Discussion
----------

[Security] Extract password hashing from security-core - with proper wording

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Branch?       | 5.x
| Bug fix?      | no
| New feature?  | yes
| Deprecations? | no
| Tickets       | Fixes #39698
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | todo

This PR renames password "encoders" to password _hashers_ (naming widely used, see e.g. django or laravel).
This also takes the opportunity to extract the logic related to password hashing from security-core, moving it to a new password-hasher component.
Nowadays, many modern web apps and APIs don't deal with passwords at all, that's why splitting makes sense as a step towards making security-core not tied to the password concept.

For upgrading, applications will have to use `passwords_hashers` instead of `encoders` in their security configuration,  and type-hint against `PasswordHasherInterface` (and related) instead of `PasswordEncoderInterface`.

The proposed API is not much different from the encoder one regarding behavior and signatures, and it is slightly more close to the PHP built-in password hashing API:

```php
namespace Symfony\Component\PasswordHasher;

interface PasswordHasherInterface
{
    public function hash(string $plainPassword): string;

    public function verify(string $hashedPassword, string $plainPassword): bool;

    public function needsRehash(string $hashedPassword): bool;
}
```

Commits
-------

c5c981c559 [Security] Extract password hashing from security-core - using the right naming

Author: wouterj

composer.json

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
         "symfony/messenger": "^5.2",
         "symfony/mime": "^4.4|^5.0",
         "symfony/process": "^4.4|^5.0",
-        "symfony/security-bundle": "^5.2",
+        "symfony/security-bundle": "^5.3",
         "symfony/serializer": "^5.2",
         "symfony/stopwatch": "^4.4|^5.0",
         "symfony/string": "^5.0",