minor #47016 Improve some PHPdocs based on existing Symfony stubs in PHPstan and Psalm (mdeboer, wouterj)

This PR was merged into the 6.2 branch.

Discussion
----------

Improve some PHPdocs based on existing Symfony stubs in PHPstan and Psalm

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Branch?       | 6.2
| Bug fix?      | no
| New feature?  | no
| Deprecations? | no (strictly spoken yes, as I guess DebugClassLoader will trigger deprecations for some now?)
| Tickets       | Replaces #40783
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | symfony/symfony-docs#17064

Todo
---

* [x] Review the Psalm check of this PR
* [x] Test the changes with DebugClassLoader in a real app

Description
---

This PR adds some more information to the PHPdoc of Symfony classes. By moving the information from the current stubs of static analyzers into Symfony itself: (1) we can improve the experience for all users, (2) reduce false-positives from our own Psalm check and (3) make sure they are in sync with changes done on these classes.

<s>To avoid a PR that is too big to review and maintain, the scope of this PR is deliberately kept narrow:

* Only PHPdoc from either [Psalm's Symfony stubs](https://github.com/psalm/psalm-plugin-symfony/tree/master/src/Stubs) or [PHPStan's Symfony stubs](https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan-symfony/tree/1.2.x/stubs) is added
* The PHPdoc MUST NOT break PHPstorm
* The PHPdoc MUST be supported by both PHPstan and Psalm (those are the only two static analyzers that currently ship an official Symfony plugin afaik)
* The PHPdoc SHOULD NOT duplicate anything that can already be deduced from either PHP's type declarations or already existing PHPdoc.
* The PHPdoc MUST document the contract and NOT be added to fit a 95% use-case or improve auto-completion.</s>

EDIT: Replaced the guidelines by symfony/symfony-docs#17064

On top of this, to get this PR approved quicker, I've left out all stubs from the Form (based on the discussions in #40783) and most of [PHPStan's `Envelope` stub](https://github.com/psalm/psalm-plugin-symfony/blob/master/src/Stubs/common/Component/Messenger/Envelope.stubphp) (due to complexity of the PHPdoc).

Commits
-------

f5a802ab85 [DependencyInjection] Add nice exception when using non-scalar parameter as array key
fa7703ba4a [ErrorHandler] Do not patch return types that are not a valid PHP type
38ab6de900 Improve some PHPdocs based on existing Symfony stubs in PHPstan and Psalm

Author: nicolas-grekas

Authenticator/Passport/Passport.php

@@ -80,6 +80,13 @@ public function hasBadge(string $badgeFqcn): bool
         return isset($this->badges[$badgeFqcn]);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @template TBadge of BadgeInterface
+     *
+     * @param class-string<TBadge> $badgeFqcn
+     *
+     * @return TBadge|null
+     */
     public function getBadge(string $badgeFqcn): ?BadgeInterface
     {
         return $this->badges[$badgeFqcn] ?? null;