[components] Finishing up the DomCrawler bootstrap and proofreading

Author: weaverryan

components/dom_crawler.rst

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 The DomCrawler Component
 ========================
 
-    DomCrawler Component eases DOM navigation for HTML and XML documents.
+    The DomCrawler Component eases DOM navigation for HTML and XML documents.
 
 Installation
 ------------
@@ -21,10 +21,9 @@ Usage
 The :class:`Symfony\\Component\\DomCrawler\\Crawler` class provides methods
 to query and manipulate HTML and XML documents.
 
-Instance of the Crawler represents a set (:phpclass:`SplObjectStorage`)
-of :phpclass:`DOMElement` objects:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+An instance of the Crawler represents a set (:phpclass:`SplObjectStorage`)
+of :phpclass:`DOMElement` objects, which are basically nodes that you can
+traverse easily::
 
     use Symfony\Component\DomCrawler\Crawler;
 
@@ -43,16 +42,14 @@ of :phpclass:`DOMElement` objects:
         print $domElement->nodeName;
     }
 
-More specialized :class:`Symfony\\Component\\DomCrawler\\Link` and
+Specialized :class:`Symfony\\Component\\DomCrawler\\Link` and
 :class:`Symfony\\Component\\DomCrawler\\Form` classes are useful for
-interacting with html links and forms.
+interacting with html links and forms as you traverse through the HTML tree.
 
 Node Filtering
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Using XPath expressions is really simplified:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+Using XPath expressions is really easy::
 
     $crawler = $crawler->filterXPath('descendant-or-self::body/p');
 
@@ -61,15 +58,12 @@ Using XPath expressions is really simplified:
     :phpmethod:`DOMXPath::query` is used internally to actually perform
     an XPath query.
 
-Filtering is even easier if you have CssSelector Component installed:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+Filtering is even easier if you have the ``CssSelector`` Component installed.
+This allows you to use jQuery-like selectors to traverse::
 
     $crawler = $crawler->filter('body > p');
 
-Anonymous function can be used to filter with more complex criteria:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+Anonymous function can be used to filter with more complex criteria::
 
     $crawler = $crawler->filter('body > p')->reduce(function ($node, $i) {
         // filter even nodes
@@ -86,35 +80,25 @@ To remove a node the anonymous function must return false.
 Node Traversing
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Access node by its position on the list:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+Access node by its position on the list::
 
     $crawler->filter('body > p')->eq(0);
 
-Get the first or last node of the current selection:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+Get the first or last node of the current selection::
 
     $crawler->filter('body > p')->first();
     $crawler->filter('body > p')->last();
 
-Get the nodes of the same level as the current selection:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+Get the nodes of the same level as the current selection::
 
     $crawler->filter('body > p')->siblings();
 
-Get the same level nodes after or before the current selection:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+Get the same level nodes after or before the current selection::
 
     $crawler->filter('body > p')->nextAll();
     $crawler->filter('body > p')->previousAll();
 
-Get all the child or parent nodes:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+Get all the child or parent nodes::
 
     $crawler->filter('body')->children();
     $crawler->filter('body > p')->parents();
@@ -127,43 +111,35 @@ Get all the child or parent nodes:
 Accessing Node Values
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Access the value of the first node of the current selection:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+Access the value of the first node of the current selection::
 
     $message = $crawler->filterXPath('//body/p')->text();
 
-Access the attribute value of the first node of the current selection:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+Access the attribute value of the first node of the current selection::
 
     $class = $crawler->filterXPath('//body/p')->attr('class');
 
-Extract attribute and/or node values from the list of nodes:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+Extract attribute and/or node values from the list of nodes::
 
     $attributes = $crawler->filterXpath('//body/p')->extract(array('_text', 'class'));
 
-.. note:: Special attribute ``_text`` represents a node value.
+.. note::
 
-Call an anonymous function on each node of the list:
+    Special attribute ``_text`` represents a node value.
 
-.. code-block:: php
+Call an anonymous function on each node of the list::
 
     $nodeValues = $crawler->filter('p')->each(function ($node, $i) {
         return $node->nodeValue;
     });
 
 The anonymous function receives the position and the node as arguments.
-Result is an array of values returned by anonymous function calls.
+The result is an array of values returned by the anonymous function calls.
 
 Adding the Content
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Crawler supports multiple ways of adding the content:
-
-.. code-block:: php
+The crawler supports multiple ways of adding the content::
 
     $crawler = new Crawler('<html><body /></html>');
 
@@ -176,7 +152,7 @@ Crawler supports multiple ways of adding the content:
     $crawler->add('<html><body /></html>');
     $crawler->add('<root><node /></root>');
 
-As Crawler's implementation is based on the DOM extension it is also able
+As the Crawler's implementation is based on the DOM extension, it is also able
 to interact with native :phpclass:`DOMDocument`, :phpclass:`DOMNodeList`
 and :phpclass:`DOMNode` objects:
 
@@ -196,10 +172,132 @@ and :phpclass:`DOMNode` objects:
 Form and Link support
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-todo:
+Special treatment is given to links and forms inside the DOM tree.
+
+Links
+.....
+
+To find a link by name (or a clickable image by its ``alt`` attribute), use
+the ``selectLink`` method on an existing crawler. This returns a Crawler
+instance with just the selected link(s). Calling ``link()`` gives us a special
+:class:`Symfony\\Component\\DomCrawler\\Link` object::
+
+    $linksCrawler = $crawler->selectLink('Go elsewhere...');
+    $link = $linksCrawler->link();
+    
+    // or do this all at once
+    $link = $crawler->selectLink('Go elsewhere...')->link();
+
+The :class:`Symfony\\Component\\DomCrawler\\Link` object has several useful
+methods to get more information about the selected link itself::
+
+    // return the raw href value
+    $href = $link->getRawUri();
+
+    // return the proper URI that can be used to make another request
+    $uri = $link->getUri();
+
+The ``getUri()`` is especially useful as it cleans the ``href`` value and
+transforms it into how it should really be processed. For example, for a
+link with ``href="#foo"``, this would return the full URI of the current
+page suffixed with ``#foo``. The return from ``getUri()`` is always a full
+URI that you can act on.
+
+Forms
+.....
+
+Special treatment is also given to forms. A ``selectButton()`` method is
+available on the Crawler which returns another Crawler that matches a button
+(``input[type=submit]``, ``input[type=image]``, or a ``button``) with the
+given text. This method is especially useful because you can use it to return
+a :class:`Symfony\\Component\\DomCrawler\\Form` object that represents the
+form that the button lives in::
+
+    $form = $crawler->selectButton('validate')->form();
+    
+    // or "fill" the form fields with data
+    $form = $crawler->selectButton('validate')->form(array(
+        'name' => 'Ryan',
+    ));
+
+The :class:`Symfony\\Component\\DomCrawler\\Form` object has lots of very
+useful methods for working with forms:
+
+    $uri = $form->getUri();
+    
+    $method = $form->getMethod();
+
+The :method:`Symfony\\Component\\DomCrawler\\Form::getUri` method does more
+than just return the ``action`` attribute of the form. If the form method
+is GET, then it mimics the browsers behavior and returns a the ``action``
+attribute followed by a query string of all of the form's values.
+
+You can virtually set and get values on the form
+
+    // set values on the form internally
+    $form->setValues(array(
+        'registration[username]' => 'symfonyfan',
+        'registration[terms]'    => 1,
+    ));
+
+    // get back an array of values - in the "flat" array like above
+    $values = $form->getValues();
+
+    // returns the values like PHP would see them, where "registration" is its own array
+    $values = $form->getPhpValues();
+
+This is great, but it gets better! The ``Form`` object allows you to interact
+with your form like a browser, selecting radio values, ticking checkboxes,
+and uploading files::
+
+    $form['registration[username]']->setValue('symfonyfan');
+    
+    // check or uncheck a checkbox
+    $form['registration[terms]']->tick();
+    $form['registration[terms]']->untick();
+
+    // select an option
+    $form['registration[birthday][year]']->select(1984);
+
+    // select many options from a "multiple" select or checkboxes
+    $form['registration[interests]']->select(array('symfony', 'cookies'));
+
+    // even fake a file upload
+    $form['registration[photo]']->upload('/path/to/lucas.jpg');
+
+What's the point of doing all of this? If you're testing internally, you
+can grab the information off of your form as if it had just been submitted
+by using the PHP values::
+
+    $values = $form->getPhpValues();
+    $files = $form->getPhpFiles();
+
+If you're using an external HTTP client, you can use the form to grab all
+of the information you need to create a POST request for the form::
+
+    $uri = $form->getUri();
+    $method = $form->getMethod();
+    $values = $form->getValues();
+    $files = $form->getFiles();
+    
+    // now use some HTTP client and post using this information
+
+One great example of an integrated system that uses all of this is `Goutte`_.
+Goutte understands the Symfony Crawler object and can use it to submit forms
+directly::
+
+    use Goutte\Client;
+
+    // make a real reqeust to an external site
+    $client = new Client();
+    $crawler = $client->request('GET', 'https://github.com/login');
+
+    // select the form and fill in some values
+    $form = $crawler->selectButton('Log in')->form();
+    $form['login'] = 'symfonyfan';
+    $form['password'] = 'anypass';
+
+    // submit that form
+    $crawler = $client->submit($form);
 
-* selectLink()
-* selectButton()
-* link()
-* links()
-* form()
+.. _`Goutte`: https://github.com/fabpot/goutte