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Troubleshooting Build Issues
If you get one of these:
undefined reference to `_ZNK4llvm17SubtargetFeatures9getStringB5cxx11Ev'
undefined reference to `llvm::SubtargetFeatures::getString() const'
This is because of C++'s Dual ABI. Most likely LLVM was compiled with one compiler while Zig was compiled with a different one, for example GCC vs clang.
LLVM, Clang, and Zig must all be compiled with the same C++ compiler.
Building with LLVM 14 has zlib as a new requirement.
If your system has static zlib then -DZIG_STATIC_ZLIB=ON needs to be specified to use it (e.g. cmake .. -DZIG_STATIC_ZLIB=ON).
After successful building stage1, you build stage2 (or the same with stage3). If you get one of these:
LLD Link... ld.lld: error: unable to find library -lclangFrontendTool
ld.lld: error: unable to find library -lclangCodeGen
...
Then Zig was not able to find the LLVM libs. Add the path to the config header of the stage1 build to the build command, for example:
./stage2/bin/zig build -p stage3 -Denable-llvm -Dconfig_h=build/config.h
If you get this error (confirmed on Arch Linux):
ld.lld: error: undefined symbol: __libc_single_threaded
Then it is necessary to link the c_nonshared library. See #11137.
The Clang packages in these distributions do not contain static libraries, which Zig tries to use by default.
Instead, one should link against the shared lib libclang-cpp.so.
For building stage1, set ZIG_SHARED_LLVM:
cmake .. -DZIG_SHARED_LLVM=ON
For building stage2, pass -Dstatic-llvm=false to Zig.
Fedora also doesn't ship by default with the static libraries for lib stdc++.
This will result in link errors for symbols like std::string.
You can fix this by installing the following package: dnf install libstdc++-static.
The LLVM repositories/packages are listed at https://apt.llvm.org/. The following packages that are not listed must be installed: liblld-14-dev, libclang-14-dev (as well as at least libllvm14 from the listed packages).
On macOS, you must force static linking of LLVM using -DZIG_STATIC_LLVM=on. The full invocation will then look like:
cmake .. -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$(brew --prefix llvm) -DZIG_STATIC_LLVM=on
After upgrading LLVM, it's often necessary to remove the CMake cache and build directories:
rm CMakeCache.txt
rm -rf CMakeFiles
Then try running the cmake command again.
If you are failing at the last stage [99%] Building self-hosted component /PATHTOZIG/zig/build/zig1.o, make sure you have enough memory, as the process can take more than 10GiB of memory.
Related issue: zig0 takes too much RAM to build zig1.o The main development effort of Zig is focused on the self-hosted compiler, which solves this issue.