message: Create an outbox message on send; manage its states

While we do create outbox messages, there are in no way user-visible
changes since the outbox messages don't end up in message list views.
We create skeletons for helpers needed from message list view, but don't
implement them yet, to make the diff smaller.

For testing, similar to TypingNotifier.debugEnable, we add
MessageStoreImpl.debugOutboxEnable for tests that do not intend to
cover outbox messages.

Some of the delays to fake responses added in tests are not necessary
because the future of sendMessage is not completed immediately, but we
still add them to keep the tests realistic.

Author: PIG208

lib/model/message.dart

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+import 'dart:collection';
 import 'dart:convert';
 
+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
+
 import '../api/model/events.dart';
 import '../api/model/model.dart';
 import '../api/route/messages.dart';
@@ -8,12 +12,140 @@ import 'message_list.dart';
 import 'store.dart';
 
 const _apiSendMessage = sendMessage; // Bit ugly; for alternatives, see: https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/243-mobile-team/topic/flutter.3A.20PerAccountStore.20methods/near/1545809
+const kLocalEchoDebounceDuration = Duration(milliseconds: 300);
+const kSendMessageTimeLimit = Duration(seconds: 10);
+
+/// States outlining where an [OutboxMessage] is, in its lifecycle.
+///
+/// ```
+////                              ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
+///                               │                  Event received,    │
+///               Send            │                  or we abandoned    │
+///            immediately.       │     200.         the queue.         ▼
+///  (create) ──────────────► sending ──────► sent ────────────────► (delete)
+///                               │                                     ▲
+///                               │ 4xx or                     User     │
+///                               │ other error.               cancels. │
+///                               └────────► failed ────────────────────┘
+/// ```
+enum OutboxMessageLifecycle {
+  sending,
+  sent,
+  failed,
+}
+
+/// A message sent by the self-user.
+sealed class OutboxMessage<T extends Conversation> implements MessageBase<T> {
+  OutboxMessage({
+    required this.localMessageId,
+    required int selfUserId,
+    required this.content,
+  }) : senderId = selfUserId,
+       timestamp = (DateTime.timestamp().millisecondsSinceEpoch / 1000).toInt(),
+       _state = OutboxMessageLifecycle.sending;
+
+  static OutboxMessage fromDestination(MessageDestination destination, {
+    required int localMessageId,
+    required int selfUserId,
+    required String content,
+    required int zulipFeatureLevel,
+    required String? realmEmptyTopicDisplayName,
+  }) {
+    if (destination case DmDestination(:final userIds)) {
+      assert(userIds.contains(selfUserId));
+    }
+    return switch (destination) {
+      StreamDestination() => StreamOutboxMessage(
+        localMessageId: localMessageId,
+        selfUserId: selfUserId,
+        conversation: StreamConversation(
+          destination.streamId,
+          destination.topic.interpretAsServer(
+            zulipFeatureLevel: zulipFeatureLevel,
+            realmEmptyTopicDisplayName: realmEmptyTopicDisplayName)),
+        content: content,
+      ),
+      DmDestination() => DmOutboxMessage(
+        localMessageId: localMessageId,
+        selfUserId: selfUserId,
+        conversation: DmConversation(allRecipientIds: destination.userIds),
+        content: content,
+      ),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /// ID corresponding to [MessageEvent.localMessageId], which uniquely
+  /// identifies a locally echoed message in events from the same event queue.
+  ///
+  /// See also [sendMessage].
+  final int localMessageId;
+  @override
+  int? get id => null;
+  @override
+  final int senderId;
+  @override
+  final int timestamp;
+  final String content;
+
+  OutboxMessageLifecycle get state => _state;
+  OutboxMessageLifecycle _state;
+  set state(OutboxMessageLifecycle value) {
+    // See [OutboxMessageLifecycle] for valid state transitions.
+    assert(_state != value);
+    switch (value) {
+      case OutboxMessageLifecycle.sending:
+        assert(false);
+      case OutboxMessageLifecycle.sent:
+        assert(_state == OutboxMessageLifecycle.sending);
+      case OutboxMessageLifecycle.failed:
+        assert(_state == OutboxMessageLifecycle.sending || _state == OutboxMessageLifecycle.sent);
+    }
+    _state = value;
+  }
+
+  /// Whether the [OutboxMessage] will be hidden to [MessageListView] or not.
+  ///
+  /// When set to false with [unhide], this cannot be toggled back to true again.
+  bool get hidden => _hidden;
+  bool _hidden = true;
+  void unhide() {
+    assert(_hidden);
+    _hidden = false;
+  }
+}
+
+class StreamOutboxMessage extends OutboxMessage<StreamConversation> {
+  StreamOutboxMessage({
+    required super.localMessageId,
+    required super.selfUserId,
+    required this.conversation,
+    required super.content,
+  });
+
+  @override
+  final StreamConversation conversation;
+}
+
+class DmOutboxMessage extends OutboxMessage<DmConversation> {
+  DmOutboxMessage({
+    required super.localMessageId,
+    required super.selfUserId,
+    required this.conversation,
+    required super.content,
+  });
+
+  @override
+  final DmConversation conversation;
+}
 
 /// The portion of [PerAccountStore] for messages and message lists.
 mixin MessageStore {
   /// All known messages, indexed by [Message.id].
   Map<int, Message> get messages;
 
+  /// Messages sent by the user, indexed by [OutboxMessage.localMessageId].
+  Map<int, OutboxMessage> get outboxMessages;
+
   Set<MessageListView> get debugMessageListViews;
 
   void registerMessageList(MessageListView view);
@@ -24,6 +156,11 @@ mixin MessageStore {
     required String content,
   });
 
+  /// Remove from [outboxMessages] given the [localMessageId].
+  ///
+  /// The message to remove must already exist.
+  void removeOutboxMessage(int localMessageId);
+
   /// Reconcile a batch of just-fetched messages with the store,
   /// mutating the list.
   ///
@@ -38,14 +175,43 @@ mixin MessageStore {
 }
 
 class MessageStoreImpl extends PerAccountStoreBase with MessageStore {
-  MessageStoreImpl({required super.core})
+  MessageStoreImpl({required super.core, required this.realmEmptyTopicDisplayName})
     // There are no messages in InitialSnapshot, so we don't have
     // a use case for initializing MessageStore with nonempty [messages].
-    : messages = {};
+    : messages = {},
+      _outboxMessages = {},
+      _outboxMessageDebounceTimers = {},
+      _outboxMessageSendTimeLimitTimers = {};
+
+  /// A fresh ID to use for [OutboxMessage.localMessageId],
+  /// unique within the [PerAccountStore] instance.
+  int _nextLocalMessageId = 0;
+
+  final String? realmEmptyTopicDisplayName;
 
   @override
   final Map<int, Message> messages;
 
+  @override
+  late final UnmodifiableMapView<int, OutboxMessage> outboxMessages =
+    UnmodifiableMapView(_outboxMessages);
+  final Map<int, OutboxMessage> _outboxMessages;
+
+  /// A map of timers to unhide outbox messages after a delay,
+  /// indexed by [OutboxMessage.localMessageId].
+  ///
+  /// If the outbox message was unhidden prior to the timeout,
+  /// its timer gets removed and cancelled.
+  final Map<int, Timer> _outboxMessageDebounceTimers;
+
+  /// A map of timers to update outbox messages state to
+  /// [OutboxMessageLifecycle.failed] after a delay,
+  /// indexed by [OutboxMessage.localMessageId].
+  ///
+  /// If the outbox message's state is set to [OutboxMessageLifecycle.failed]
+  /// within the time limit, its timer gets removed and cancelled.
+  final Map<int, Timer> _outboxMessageSendTimeLimitTimers;
+
   final Set<MessageListView> _messageListViews = {};
 
   @override
@@ -84,17 +250,122 @@ class MessageStoreImpl extends PerAccountStoreBase with MessageStore {
     //   [InheritedNotifier] to rebuild in the next frame) before the owner's
     //   `dispose` or `onNewStore` is called.  Discussion:
     //     https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/channel/243-mobile-team/topic/MessageListView.20lifecycle/near/2086893
+
+    for (final localMessageId in outboxMessages.keys) {
+      _outboxMessageDebounceTimers.remove(localMessageId)?.cancel();
+      _outboxMessageSendTimeLimitTimers.remove(localMessageId)?.cancel();
+    }
+    _outboxMessages.clear();
   }
 
   @override
-  Future<void> sendMessage({required MessageDestination destination, required String content}) {
-    // TODO implement outbox; see design at
-    //   https://chat.zulip.org/#narrow/stream/243-mobile-team/topic/.23M3881.20Sending.20outbox.20messages.20is.20fraught.20with.20issues/near/1405739
-    return _apiSendMessage(connection,
-      destination: destination,
+  Future<void> sendMessage({required MessageDestination destination, required String content}) async {
+    if (!debugOutboxEnable) {
+      await _apiSendMessage(connection,
+        destination: destination,
+        content: content,
+        readBySender: true);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    final localMessageId = _nextLocalMessageId++;
+    assert(!outboxMessages.containsKey(localMessageId));
+    _outboxMessages[localMessageId] = OutboxMessage.fromDestination(destination,
+      localMessageId: localMessageId,
+      selfUserId: selfUserId,
       content: content,
-      readBySender: true,
-    );
+      zulipFeatureLevel: zulipFeatureLevel,
+      realmEmptyTopicDisplayName: realmEmptyTopicDisplayName);
+    _outboxMessageDebounceTimers[localMessageId] = Timer(kLocalEchoDebounceDuration, () {
+      assert(outboxMessages.containsKey(localMessageId));
+      _unhideOutboxMessage(localMessageId);
+    });
+    _outboxMessageSendTimeLimitTimers[localMessageId] = Timer(kSendMessageTimeLimit, () {
+      assert(outboxMessages.containsKey(localMessageId));
+      // This should be called before `_unhideOutboxMessage(localMessageId)`
+      // to avoid unnecessarily notifying the listeners twice.
+      _updateOutboxMessage(localMessageId, newState: OutboxMessageLifecycle.failed);
+      _unhideOutboxMessage(localMessageId);
+    });
+
+    try {
+      await _apiSendMessage(connection,
+        destination: destination,
+        content: content,
+        readBySender: true,
+        queueId: queueId,
+        localId: localMessageId.toString());
+      if (_outboxMessages[localMessageId]?.state == OutboxMessageLifecycle.failed) {
+        // Reached time limit while request was pending.
+        // No state update is needed.
+        return;
+      }
+      _updateOutboxMessage(localMessageId, newState: OutboxMessageLifecycle.sent);
+    } catch (e) {
+      // This should be called before `_unhideOutboxMessage(localMessageId)`
+      // to avoid unnecessarily notifying the listeners twice.
+      _updateOutboxMessage(localMessageId, newState: OutboxMessageLifecycle.failed);
+      _unhideOutboxMessage(localMessageId);
+      rethrow;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Unhide the [OutboxMessage] with the given [localMessageId],
+  /// and notify listeners if necessary.
+  ///
+  /// This is a no-op if the outbox message does not exist or is not hidden.
+  void _unhideOutboxMessage(int localMessageId) {
+    final outboxMessage = outboxMessages[localMessageId];
+    if (outboxMessage == null || !outboxMessage.hidden) {
+      return;
+    }
+    _outboxMessageDebounceTimers.remove(localMessageId)?.cancel();
+    outboxMessage.unhide();
+    // TODO: uncomment this once message list support is added:
+    // for (final view in _messageListViews) {
+    //   view.handleOutboxMessage(outboxMessage);
+    // }
+  }
+
+  /// Update the state of the [OutboxMessage] with the given [localMessageId],
+  /// and notify listeners if necessary.
+  ///
+  /// This is a no-op if the outbox message does not exists, or that
+  /// [OutboxMessage.state] already equals [newState].
+  void _updateOutboxMessage(int localMessageId, {
+    required OutboxMessageLifecycle newState,
+  }) {
+    final outboxMessage = outboxMessages[localMessageId];
+    if (outboxMessage == null || outboxMessage.state == newState) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (newState == OutboxMessageLifecycle.failed) {
+      _outboxMessageSendTimeLimitTimers.remove(localMessageId)?.cancel();
+    }
+    outboxMessage.state = newState;
+    if (outboxMessage.hidden) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // TODO: uncomment this once message list support is added:
+    // for (final view in _messageListViews) {
+    //   view.notifyListenersIfOutboxMessagePresent(localMessageId);
+    // }
+  }
+
+
+  @override
+  void removeOutboxMessage(int localMessageId) {
+    final removed = _outboxMessages.remove(localMessageId);
+    _outboxMessageDebounceTimers.remove(localMessageId)?.cancel();
+    _outboxMessageSendTimeLimitTimers.remove(localMessageId)?.cancel();
+    if (removed == null) {
+      assert(false, 'Removing unknown outbox message with localMessageId: $localMessageId');
+      return;
+    }
+    // TODO: uncomment this once message list support is added:
+    // for (final view in _messageListViews) {
+    //   view.removeOutboxMessageIfExists(removed);
+    // }
   }
 
   @override
@@ -132,6 +403,13 @@ class MessageStoreImpl extends PerAccountStoreBase with MessageStore {
     // See [fetchedMessages] for reasoning.
     messages[event.message.id] = event.message;
 
+    if (event.localMessageId != null) {
+      final localMessageId = int.parse(event.localMessageId!, radix: 10);
+      _outboxMessages.remove(localMessageId);
+      _outboxMessageDebounceTimers.remove(localMessageId)?.cancel();
+      _outboxMessageSendTimeLimitTimers.remove(localMessageId)?.cancel();
+    }
+
     for (final view in _messageListViews) {
       view.handleMessageEvent(event);
     }
@@ -325,4 +603,29 @@ class MessageStoreImpl extends PerAccountStoreBase with MessageStore {
     // [Poll] is responsible for notifying the affected listeners.
     poll.handleSubmessageEvent(event);
   }
+
+  /// In debug mode, controls whether outbox messages should be created when
+  /// [sendMessage] is called.
+  ///
+  /// Outside of debug mode, this is always true and the setter has no effect.
+  static bool get debugOutboxEnable {
+    bool result = true;
+    assert(() {
+      result = _debugOutboxEnable;
+      return true;
+    }());
+    return result;
+  }
+  static bool _debugOutboxEnable = true;
+  static set debugOutboxEnable(bool value) {
+    assert(() {
+      _debugOutboxEnable = value;
+      return true;
+    }());
+  }
+
+  @visibleForTesting
+  static void debugReset() {
+    _debugOutboxEnable = true;
+  }
 }