Descriptive error messages for troubleshooting

[rayluo]

This is inspired from, and can also resolve Azure/azure-cli#20507

[jiasli]

Actually, I am rethinking about the error type. Since MSAL raises ValueError, CLI can't really tell whether the error comes from MSAL or other places if we use a centralized error handling logic.

Now we handle all PersistenceError in a centralized place:

https://github.com/Azure/azure-cli/blob/3dbcafbd273a5fefce793ba1e520dc61d8c468a8/src/azure-cli-core/azure/cli/core/util.py#L140-L151

    elif isinstance(ex, PersistenceError):
        # errno is already in strerror. str(ex) gives duplicated errno.
        az_error = azclierror.CLIInternalError(ex.strerror)
        if ex.errno == 0:
            az_error.set_recommendation(
                "Please report to us via Github: https://github.com/Azure/azure-cli/issues/20278")
        elif ex.errno == -2146893813:
            az_error.set_recommendation(
                "Please report to us via Github: https://github.com/Azure/azure-cli/issues/20231")
        elif ex.errno == -2146892987:
            az_error.set_recommendation(
                "Please report to us via Github: https://github.com/Azure/azure-cli/issues/21010")

But for this ValueError, we will have to capture it everywhere when MSAL interaction is made:

https://github.com/Azure/azure-cli/blob/1d973cceb38980181eeaa45934497d2148a3e7b2/src/azure-cli-core/azure/cli/core/auth/identity.py#L141-L143

        result = self._msal_app.acquire_token_interactive(
            scopes, prompt='select_account', port=8400 if self._is_adfs else None,
            success_template=success_template, error_template=error_template, **kwargs)

If we don't handle the error, the raw exception with traceback is shown, like in Azure/azure-cli#20507.

How about MSAL doing the same for this ValueError and make a new error type which inherents ValueError, such as AuthorityError, MsalValueError?