reduce allocations in Chebyshev deriv

[jishnub]

On master

julia> f = Fun(x->x^4, Chebyshev());

julia> @btime $f';
  113.291 ns (3 allocations: 288 bytes)

This PR

julia> @btime $f';
  55.667 ns (1 allocation: 96 bytes)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage: 91.26% and project coverage change: +22.65 🎉

Comparison is base (75383fe) 49.48% compared to head (96e1fe3) 72.13%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #280       +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage   49.48%   72.13%   +22.65%     
===========================================
  Files          28       29        +1     
  Lines        2696     2738       +42     
===========================================
+ Hits         1334     1975      +641     
+ Misses       1362      763      -599     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/ApproxFunOrthogonalPolynomials.jl	87.80% <ø> (+28.62%)	⬆️
src/ultraspherical.jl	59.74% <82.85%> (+9.74%)	⬆️
...c/Spaces/Ultraspherical/UltrasphericalOperators.jl	83.33% <87.50%> (+43.24%)	⬆️
src/Spaces/Chebyshev/Chebyshev.jl	63.12% <92.00%> (+12.42%)	⬆️
ext/ApproxFunOrthogonalPolynomialsStaticExt.jl	95.55% <95.55%> (ø)
src/Spaces/PolynomialSpace.jl	93.41% <100.00%> (+25.34%)	⬆️
src/Spaces/Spaces.jl	100.00% <100.00%> (+31.50%)	⬆️
src/Spaces/Ultraspherical/Ultraspherical.jl	86.00% <100.00%> (+60.13%)	⬆️
src/fastops.jl	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/show.jl	57.89% <100.00%> (+7.89%)	⬆️

... and 18 files with indirect coverage changes

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