Refresh "Inheritance (C++)"

[Rageking8]

Summary:

• Format syntax code snippet and make the 2 classes have different names for clarity
• Add bunch of links to other pages and backticks for terms, where appropriate
• Add "Microsoft Specific" for the __super and __interface links at the bottom to make it explicit that those are non-standard (feel free to revert if undesirable)
• Edit metadata, minor typo fix, simplify links, and remove extra spaces

[prmerger-automator]

@Rageking8 : Thanks for your contribution! The author(s) and reviewer(s) have been notified to review your proposed change.

[prmerger-automator]

@Rageking8 : Thanks for your contribution! The author(s) and reviewer(s) have been notified to review your proposed change.

[learn-build-service-prod]

Learn Build status updates of commit f50becb:

✅ Validation status: passed

File	Status	Preview URL	Details
docs/cpp/inheritance-cpp.md	✅Succeeded

For more details, please refer to the build report.

For any questions, please:

• Try searching the learn.microsoft.com contributor guides
• Post your question in the Learn support channel

[prmerger-automator]

PRMerger Results

Issue	Description
File Change Percent	This PR contains file(s) with more than 30% file change.

[ttorble]

@TylerMSFT

Can you review the proposed changes?

IMPORTANT: When the changes are ready for publication, adding a #sign-off comment is the best way to signal that the PR is ready for the review team to merge.

#label:"aq-pr-triaged"
@MicrosoftDocs/public-repo-pr-review-team

[TylerMSFT]

Thank you for adding the links and cleaning up the file paths.
The new class names are better.
Regarding Microsoft-specific, I think it's great to call that out.
Much thanks!

[TylerMSFT]

#sign-off