docs(cdk/coercion): expand overview (#22791)

Companion PR to angular/material.angular.io#994. Expands the overview of the coercion package so that we have more than one sentence to show.

Author: crisbeto

src/cdk/coercion/coercion.md

@@ -1,3 +1,59 @@
-### Coercion
-
 Utility functions for coercing `@Input`s into specific types.
+
+### Example
+
+```ts
+import {Directive, ElementRef, HostListener} from '@angular/core';
+import {
+  coerceBooleanProperty,
+  BooleanInput,
+  NumberInput,
+  coerceNumberProperty,
+  coerceElement,
+} from '@angular/cdk/coercion';
+
+@Directive({
+  selector: 'my-button',
+  host: {
+    '[disabled]': 'disabled',
+    '(click)': 'greet()',
+  }
+})
+class MyButton {
+  // Using `coerceBooleanProperty` allows for the disabled value of a button to be set as
+  // `<my-button disabled></my-button>` instead of `<my-button [disabled]="true"></my-button>`.
+  // It also allows for a string to be passed like `<my-button disabled="true"></my-button>`.
+  @Input()
+  get disabled() { return this._disabled; }
+  set disabled(value: any) {
+    this._disabled = coerceBooleanProperty(value);
+  }
+  private _disabled = false;
+
+  // `coerceNumberProperty` turns any value coming in from the view into a number, allowing the
+  // consumer to use a shorthand string while storing the parsed number in memory. E.g. the consumer can write:
+  // `<my-button greetDelay="500"></my-button>` instead of `<my-button [greetDelay]="500"></my-button>`.
+  // The second parameter specifies a fallback value to be used if the value can't be
+  // parsed to a number.
+  @Input()
+  get greetDelay() { return this._greetDelay; }
+  set greetDelay(value: any) {
+    this._greetDelay = coerceNumberProperty(value, 0);
+  }
+  private _greetDelay = 0;
+
+  greet() {
+    setTimeout(() => alert('Hello!'), this.greetDelay);
+  }
+
+  // `coerceElement` allows you to accept either an `ElementRef`
+  // or a raw DOM node and to always return a DOM node.
+  getElement(elementOrRef: ElementRef<HTMLElement> | HTMLElement): HTMLElement {
+    return coerceElement(elementOrRef);
+  }
+
+  // Required so that the template type checker can infer the type of the coerced inputs.
+  static ngAcceptInputType_disabled: BooleanInput;
+  static ngAcceptInputType_greetDelay: NumberInput;
+}
+```